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应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 442-450.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202302.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭和氮肥配施对夏玉米-冬小麦轮作体系耕层土壤质量的影响

史多鹏1, 叶子壮1, 李惠通1, 吕慎强1, 王林权1*, 周春菊2   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    2西北农林科技大学生命科学学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-06 接受日期:2022-11-17 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-08-15
  • 作者简介:史多鹏, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农田施肥与环境研究。E-mail: 17829081609@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32072682)和国家重点实验室基金项目(A314021402-1920)

Effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil quality of summer maize-winter wheat system

SHI Duopeng1, YE Zizhuang1, LI Huitong1, LYU Shenqiang1, WANG Linquan1*, ZHOU Chunju2   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-05-06 Accepted:2022-11-17 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-08-15

摘要: 通过2年大田试验研究了氮肥和生物炭配施对西北旱地耕层土壤质量的影响。本试验为双因素裂区设计,主处理为5个施氮水平: 0、75、150、225和300 kg N·hm-2;裂区处理为2个施生物炭水平: 0和7.5 t·hm-2。在冬小麦-夏玉米两年轮作后采集耕层0~15 cm土壤样品,测定土壤理化性质和生物性质,并利用主成分分析和相关分析建立最小数据集(MDS),分析土壤质量对氮肥和生物炭的响应。结果表明: 氮肥和生物炭配施能够改善0~15 cm土壤物理性质,增加大团聚体含量,降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度;二者均对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮影响显著。施用生物炭能够提高土壤脲酶活性及0~15 cm土壤养分和有机碳含量。从16个与土壤质量相关的指标中筛选出脲酶、微生物生物量碳、全磷、全氮、pH和速效钾6个指标构成MDS,并计算了土壤质量指数(SQI),其变化范围为0.14~0.87;225和300 kg N·hm-2配施生物炭处理的SQI得分显著高于其他处理。施用氮肥和生物炭均可显著提高土壤质量指数,且二者具有交互效应,在高施氮量条件下二者的配施效果较佳。

关键词: 氮肥, 生物炭, 最小数据集, 土壤质量指数, 脲酶活性

Abstract: The effects of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on topsoil quality in the drylands of northwest China were studied in field trials for two years. A split plot design with two factors was adopted, with five nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N·hm-2) as main plots, and two rates of biochar (0 and 7.5 t·hm-2) as submain plots. We collected soil samples at 0-15 cm depth after two years of winter wheat-summer maize rotation and measured physical, chemical, and biological properties. The minimum data set (MDS) was established by using principal component analysis and correlation analysis to analyze the responses of soil quality to nitrogen fertilizer and biochar addition. The results showed that the combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar could improve soil physical properties, increase macroaggregate content, reduce soil bulk density, and increase soil porosity. Both fertilizer application and biochar application had a significant effect on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The application of biochar could improve soil urease activity and the contents of soil nutrients and organic carbon. Six out of 16 indicators (urease, microbial biomass carbon, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, pH, and available potassium) relating to soil quality were used to construct MDS, and soil quality index (SQI) was calculated. The variation range of SQI was 0.14-0.87, with that of 225 and 300 kg N·hm-2 nitrogen application combined with biochar application being significantly higher than other treatments. Soil quality could be significantly improved by application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar. Interactive effect was observed, which was particularly stronger under high nitrogen application rate.

Key words: N fertilizer, biochar, minimum data set, soil quality index, urease activity