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应用生态学报 ›› 2002, Vol. ›› Issue (9): 1072-1076.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

模拟酸雨胁迫下钙对龙眼光合功能的调节作用

邱栋梁, 刘星辉, 郭素枝   

  1. 福建农林大学园艺学院, 福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2001-02-23 修回日期:2001-04-24
  • 通讯作者: 邱栋梁,1970年生,博士后,副教授,主要从事植物污染生理生态学研究,发表论文20余篇.Tel:0591-3789284,Fax:0591-3741251,E-mail:qiudl1970@hotmail.comorqiudl1970@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金资助项目(C9810022).

Regulation function of calcium on photosynthesis of Dimocarpus longana Lour. cv. wulongling under simulated acid rain stress

QIU Dongliang, LIU Xinghui, GUO Suzhi   

  1. College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2001-02-23 Revised:2001-04-24

摘要: 以福建省主栽品种乌龙岭龙眼为材料研究了模拟酸雨胁迫下钙对龙眼光合功能的调节作用.结果表明,叶绿体的反应介质中Ca2+浓度在0~5mmol·L-1范围内可增加其光还原活性,以3.5mmol·L-1的活性最高,比对照增加41.90%;而2mmol·L-1EGTA会使其活性下降26.06%;Mn2+和Mg2+对光还原活性均有抑制作用.0~6mmol·L-1的Ca2+可提高叶绿体的光合磷酸化活性,最适的浓度为4.5mmol·L-1;0~8mmol·L-1的Ca2+可提高叶绿体超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性,最适浓度为6mmol·L-1.pH3.0的酸雨胁迫下,10mmol·L-1和15mmol·L-1Ca(NO3)2均可减缓叶绿素的降解,稳定叶圆片的膜结构,降低膜透性,以15mmol·L-1的效果较佳;Ca(NO3)2浓度超过20mmol·L-1加剧了酸雨对叶片的伤害作用.喷15mmol·L-1Ca(NO3)2可增加叶片光合速率,表现出模拟酸雨胁迫下钙对龙眼叶片的良好保护作用.

关键词: 模拟酸雨, 龙眼, 光合功能, 钙调节, 矮化苹果, 吸收, 15N-尿素, 利用, 损失, 施氮方式, 果实品质

Abstract: Studies on the regulation function of calcium on photosynthesis of Dimocarpus longana under simulated acid rain stress showed that the photoreduction activity of chloroplasts was activated when the concentration of calcium ion in reaction medium ranged from 0 to 5 mmol稬-1,and peaked at the 3.5 mmol稬-1, which was 41.90% higher than that of control. Conversely,the activity of chloroplasts reduced 26.06% in the reaction medium with a concentration of 2 mmol稬-1 EGTA,as compared with the control. Both Mn2+ and Mg2+ could inhibit photoreduction activity. The photophosphorylation activity increased when the concentration of calcium ion in reaction medium ranged from 0 to 6 mmol稬-1,and peaked at the 4.5 mmol稬-1,while superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity rose from 0 to 6 mmol稬-1 and peaked at 6 mmol稬-1. Calcium ion with the concentration of both 10 mmol稬-1 and 15 mmol稬-1 could increase the content of chlorophyll(Chl),stabilize the membrane structure of leaf discs,and reduce the membrane permeability under simulated acid rain with pHvalue of 3.0. The effect in15 mmol稬-1 were better than in10 mmol稬-1. However,the injury of acid rain to leaves was strengthened when the concentration of calcium was higher than20 mmol稬-1. Net photosynthesis rate (Pn) rose when leaves sprayed with 15 mmol稬-1 Ca(NO3)2 before treatment of acid rain stress of pH2.5. All of the results represented the excellent protection function of calcium on D.longana leaves under simulated acid rain.

Key words: method of nitrogen application, utilization, fruit quality, loss, 15N-urea, absorption, dwarfed apple

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