绿洲-荒漠交错带环境特征初步研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以甘肃省石羊河下游的民勤绿洲为例,对其绿洲外围与荒漠交错地带的植被和与植被关系密切的灌丛沙包特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,由于生态交错带边缘效应的存在,植被盖度的变化呈现绿洲附近与交错带外围靠近流沙的地方较低,而位于流沙和绿洲之间的部分相应较高.植被盖度较高的部位主要集中于自流动沙丘至绿洲外600m处,而非紧靠近绿洲.这与地下水自沙漠向绿洲方向运移有关.在绿洲外缘300～600m的范围内植被盖度出现下降,原因可能与绿洲荒漠交错带界外区的形成有关,说明研究区绿洲外0～600m范围即是该区域绿洲界外区的存在区域.灌丛沙包上的裸沙率以绿洲界外区为最大,大量沙包裸露,可致沙子的活动性增强,因此该地带是对绿洲土地造成沙质荒漠化的最大流沙来源.

关键词: 绿洲, 荒漠, 交错带, 植被, 沙丘密度, 裸沙率, 界外区

Abstract: Taking Minqin Oasis in the downstream of Shiyanghe Rivers as example,the shrub characteristics of sand dune,which was closely related to the vegetation of the interface between the outside of oasis and desert,was studied in this paper. The change of vegetation coverage and dune density indicated that the vegetation coverage in the ecotone was obviously higher than that in the outside of oasis and in drift desert. There existed an area outside oasis that was obviously affected by human activies and 0～600 m away from the outside of oasis. Meanwhile,the appearing position of area outside oasis was different in different place. The naked area ratio of dune in the area outside oasis was the biggest,so that the area outside oasis was the main resource of drift sand resulting in desertification of oasis. Over extracting ground water in oasis district resulted in a forming of dropping funnel of ground water there,and resulted in a fluid of ground water from desert to oasis. Ultimately,human activities aggravated those processes to some extent.

中图分类号:

P941
Q14

贾宝全, 慈龙骏, 蔡体久, 高志海, 丁峰. 绿洲-荒漠交错带环境特征初步研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, (9): 1104-1108.

JIA Baoquan, CI Longjun, CAI Tijiu, GAO Zhihai, DING Feng. Preliminary research on environmental characteristics of oasis-desert ecotone[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, (9): 1104-1108.

参考文献

[1] Chen C-H(陈彩虹)，Hu F(胡锋)，Li H-X(李辉信).2000.Landscape ecological problem and the countermeasures of Nanjing urban-rural fringe.J Nanjing For Univ(南京林业大学学报)，24(supp.):17～23(in Chinese)
[2] Chen H-S(陈荷生).1987.Distinction of environment changes by development and control of water resource in arid areas in northwest China.J Desert Res(中国沙漠)，7(2):1～11(in Chinese)
[3] Chen Y-Q(陈佑启).2000.Land use in the alternate region of urban and rural.J Chin Agric Resources Region Plan(中国农业资源与区划)，21(5):22～25(in Chinese)
[4] Cheng X(程序).1999.Frontier issue of modern ecology in the study of ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry.Resources Sci(资源科学)，21(5):1～8(in Chinese)
[5] Clements FE.1905.Research Methods in Ecology.Nebaska:University Publishing Company.
[6] E Y-H(俄有浩)，Yan P (严平)，Zhong S-N(仲生年)，et al.1997.Study on the underground water variation of Shajingzi region in Minqin County.J Desert Res(中国沙漠)，17(1):70～76(in Chinese)
[7] Fang X-Q(方修琦).1999.Decline of pre-historical agriculture and formation of farming-grazing transitional zone in China:A view from climatic changes.J Nat Resour(自然资源学报)，14(3):212～218(in Chinese)
[8] Gao G-L(高国力).1995.Research on landscape ecology of regional eco-environment.J Arid Land Resour Environ(干旱区资源与环境)，9(1):8～17(in Chinese)
[9] Holland MM.1988.SCOPE/MAB technical consultations on landscape boundary:Report of SCOPE/MAB workshop on ecotones.Biol Inter(Special issue)，17:47～106
[10] Huang P-Y(黄培(礻右)).1991.The area around the oasis and ecological environmental construction in desert.J Arid Land Resour Environ(干旱区资源与环境)，5(2):38～44(in Chinese)
[11] Huang P-Y(黄培(礻右)).1993.Desert Ecology.Urumqi:Xinjiang University Press.218～231(in Chinese)
[12] Jia B-Q(贾宝全)，Ci L-J(慈龙骏)，Gao Z-H(高志海)，et al.2001.The desertification of oasis and its assessment indicators.Arid Zone Res(干旱区研究)，18(2):19～24(in Chinese)
[13] Jia B-Q(贾宝全)，Ren Y-P(任一萍)，Yang J-Q(杨洁泉).2001.Theoretical thinking of oases's landscape ecological construction.J Arid Land Resour Environ(干旱区资源与环境)，15(1):56～63(in Chinese)
[14] Jia B-Q(贾宝全)，Yan S(阎顺).1995.Primary studies of the environmental evolution of ecotone between oasis and desert in Turpan Basin.J Arid Land Resour Environ(干旱区资源与环境)，9(3):58～64(in Chinese)
[15] Leopold A.1933.Game Management. New York: Charles Scrib-ner's Sons.
[16] Ma S-J(马世骏).1990.Edge effect and edge ecology.In:Perspective of Modern Ecology.Beijing:Science Press.43～45(in Chinese)
[17] Mirzadinov RA，Kurochkina LY.1985.Desert ecotone and their classification.Pro Desert Dev,(2):29～36
[18] Mu C-C(牟长城)，Han S-J(韩士杰)，Luo J-C(罗菊春)，et al.Analysis of environmental gradient and community of forestry-swarmp ecotones in Changbai Mountain.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报)，12(1):1～7(in Chinese)
[19] Odum EP.1971.Fundamentals of Ecology.2nd edition.Pennysyvania:WB Saunders Company.
[20] Shi P-L(石培礼)，Li W-H(李文华).2000.Boundary form effects of timberline ecotone on colonization of woody plants and timberline dynamics in Changbai Mountain.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报)，20(4):573～580(in Chinese)
[21] Wang J-A(王静爱)，Xu X(徐霞),Liu P-F(刘培芳).1999.Landuse and land carrying capacity in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in northern China.Resour Sci(资源科学)，21(5):19～24(in Chinese)
[22] Wang K(王(方方/土)).2000.Study on space evolvement machanism of grassland and field community in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in north China.Acta　Agrestia Sin(草地学报)，8(4):267～272(in Chinese)
[23] Wang Q-S(王庆锁)，Wang X-P(王襄平),Luo J-C(罗菊春)，et al.1997.Ecotones and biodiversity.Chin Biodiv(生物多样性)，5(2):126～131(in Chinese)
[24] Wang Q-S(王庆锁)，Zhang Y-F(张玉发)，Luo J-C(罗菊春)，et al.1999.Human disturbance and ecological management on forest-steppe ecotone in eastern Hunshandake sandy land.J Nat Resour，14(1):28～34(in Chinese)
[25] Wang R-S(王如松),Ma S-J(马世骏).1985.Edge effect and its application in economic ecology.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志)，4(2):38～42(in Chinese)
[26] Wang Y-C(王玉朝)，Zhao C-Y(赵成义).2001.Study in desert-oasis ecological fragile zone.Arid Land Geo(干旱区地理)，24(2):182～188(in Chinese)
[27] Zhang H(张　宏)，Sun B-P(孙保平).1999.Impact of land reclamation on desertification in arid and semi-arid area of China.Resour Sci(资源科学)，21(5):71～75(in Chinese)
[28] Zhu Z-D(朱震达).1991.Fragile ecological zone and land desertification in China.J Desert Res(中国沙漠)，11(4):11～22(in Chinese)