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应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (10): 1591-1596.

• 研究报告 •    下一篇

科尔沁沙地人工杨树林生态服务效能评价

张华1,2, 李锋瑞1, 张铜会1, 赵丽娅1, Yasuhito Shirato3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000;
    2. 辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院, 大连 116029;
    3. National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
  • 收稿日期:2002-05-04 修回日期:2002-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 李锋瑞
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院“百人计划”项目;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新工程项目(210097);国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G2000048704)

Evaluation of ecological services of Populus simonii forest on Heerqin sandy land

ZHANG Hua1,2, LI Fengrui1, ZHANG Tonghui1, ZHAO Liya1, YASUHITO Shirato 3   

  1. 1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. College of City and Environment, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China;
    3. National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
  • Received:2002-05-04 Revised:2002-09-23

摘要: 采用定位观测法,系统评价了杨树(脚Populus smonii)林的防风、抗蚀和滞尘等生态服务效能及其间接价值,同时定量探讨了风速减弱系数与实测林地叶面积指数的关系.结果表明,在研究区主害风(西北风)天气下,林地迎风区6H(H为平均树高)、3H、林地中央、林地背风区林缘、6和8H处2m高度的日平均风速与对照点(流动沙丘)相比均有不同程度减弱,风速减弱系数在18.3%~66.2%之间.林地背风区6H处0.25、0.5、1和2m4个高度的月平均风速减弱系数与林地叶面积指数呈显著非线性相关,其间存在良好的三次曲线关系(P<0.0001,R2=0.43~0.94,n=80).在主害风天气下,林地各观测点的地表日风蚀量与对照点相比大幅度降低,平均降幅85.2%~99.9%.在观测期内,林地中央的日平均降尘量为13.2kg·hm-2,而林地迎风区6H处的日平均降尘量为9.9kg·hm-2,林地的日滞尘能力约为3.3kg·hm-2.

关键词: 固沙杨树林, 生态服务效能, 风速减弱系数, 地表风蚀量, 滞尘能力

Abstract: The main ecological services of the sand-fixed forest are windbreak, soil erosion control, and atmospheric dust retention.In this paper, the ecological services of Populus simonii forest were assessed by simultaneous measurements of wind speeds, daily amount of soil surface wind erosion, and amount of atmospheric dust deposition at different observation sites located within and outside the forestland.The results showed that compared with the control site (mobile sand dune), the daily mean wind velocity at 2 m height was reduced by 18.3, 31.6, 66.1, 66.0, 62.3 and 45.2% for the observation sites over the distances of 6 and 3H (Hmeant average tree height) from forest edge of the windward side, forest center, and observation sites over the distances of 0, 6 and 8H from forest edge of the leeward side, respectively.'The greatest reduction in daily mean wind velocity was occurred in both forest center and forest edge of the leeward side.There was a significant positive relationship between leaf area index of the forest and monthly declining index of mean wind speed.The monthly declining index of mean wind speed increased with increasing the forest leaf area index by a cubic function.The daily wind erosion rates of soil surface in observation sites at 6 and 3Hfrom forest edge of the windward side, forest center, and at 0, 6 and 8Hfrom forest edge of the leeward side were reduced by as much as 85.2 %~99.9 %, in comparison with the control site.The greatest reduction in daily wind erosion rate of soil surface occurred in forest edge of the leeward side, followed in decreasing order by forest center, 6 and 8Hfrom forest edge of the leeward side, 3 and 6Hfrom forest edge of the windward side.During the observation period, the daily mean dust deposition within the forestland was 13.2 kg·hm-2,compared with 9.9 kg·hm-2 outside the forestland, with a 33 % increase.All these results suggested that the poplar forest played an important role in reducing damaging winds, controlling wind erosion, and improving the local environment through increasing atmospheric dust deposition.

Key words: Ecological services, Sand-fixed poplar forest, Wind-declining index, Soil surface wind erosion, Dust retention

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