西双版纳热带雨林聚果榕隐头果的昆虫群落结构与多样性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 聚果榕(Ficus racemosa)是西双版纳热带雨林生态系统中的一个优势种群.在聚果榕隐头果内外,形成了为聚果榕传粉、传播种子和在榕果上取食、栖息、繁衍后代的昆虫群落.在西双版纳勐仑国家自然保护区、植物园沟谷雨林、植物园江边次生林等样地内,对聚果榕隐头果中的昆虫群落结构、动态和多样性进行了研究.样地内采集到184264号昆虫标本,隶属5个目,19个科,36属,51种;论种类和个体数量,膜翅目最为丰富,占聚果榕隐头果昆虫总数的37.3%,尤其传粉榕小蜂,种群数量在昆虫群落中占绝对优势,其传粉行为影响着聚果榕种群的构建和稳定;鳞翅目占昆虫总数的31.4%;鞘翅目、同翅目和双翅目三类仅占聚果榕隐头果昆虫总数的31.3%.3个样地的多样性指数、均匀度和种类丰富度,以勐仑国家自然保护区最高,其次是沟谷雨林保护区,再次是植物园次生林.资料分析表明,热带雨林片断化使聚果榕隐头果上的昆虫种类呈明显下降趋势,常见种个体数量增加,特有种数量减少.

关键词: 热带雨林, 聚果榕果实, 昆虫群落, 多样性

Abstract: Ficus racemosa is a keystone plant in tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.The structure, dynamic and biodiversity of insect community on its syconia fruits were investigated in different plots located in Menglun nature reserve, ravine rainforest in the botanical garden, and secondary forest by Luosuo River.The results showed that the total number of collected insects were 184 264, belonging to 5 order, 19 families, 36 genera, and 51 species.Hymenoptera was the most dominant group, accounted for 37.3 % of the total collected species.The pollinator of Ceratosolen fusciceps had huge individual quantities among Hymenoptera, and its successful pollination influenced the stability and development of F.racemosa population.In addition, the proportion of Lepidopter inspects was 31.4%, and the other 31.3% species belonged to Coleoptera, Homopter and Diptera.Through calculating diversity index, evenness index and richness of three plots, it showed that these three indexes were the highest in Menglun nature reserve, secondary in ravine rainforest, and low species diversity and richness in secondary forest by Luosuo River.The experimental results reported here showed that the insect species decreased, the individual number of common species increased, and special species reduced.

Key words: Tropical rainforest, Ficus racemosa fruits, Insects community, Diversity

中图分类号:

Q968

杨大荣, 彭艳琼, 张光明, 宋启示, 谷海燕, 王秋艳. 西双版纳热带雨林聚果榕隐头果的昆虫群落结构与多样性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (10): 1710-1714.

YANG Darong, PENG Yanqiong, ZHANG Guangming, SONG Qishi, GU Haiyan, WANG Qiuyan . Structure and biodiversity of insect community on syconia fruits of Ficus racemosa in tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (10): 1710-1714.

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