黄土旱塬不同覆盖对春玉米产量及土壤环境影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (11): 1897-1900.

黄土旱塬不同覆盖对春玉米产量及土壤环境影响

方日尧¹, 同延安¹, 梁东丽¹, 方娟²

1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100;
2. 渭南市植保站, 渭南 714000

收稿日期:2002-02-02 修回日期:2002-06-30
通讯作者: 方日尧,男,1959年生,副研究员,现主要从事旱地农业研究和植物营养学研究,以发表论文40余篇,E-mail:fanry@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
基金资助:
国家"九五"科技攻关项目(96-004-04-05)、中瑞合作资助项目(INEC1998-03476).

Effect of different mulching on spring corn yield and on soil environment in Loess Plateau

FANG Riyao¹, TONG Yanan¹, LIANG Dongli¹, FANG Juan²

College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

Received:2002-02-02 Revised:2002-06-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对黄土旱塬用不同覆盖对春玉米产量及土壤环境影响的研究表明,春玉米采用不同覆盖技术,均有显著的增产效果,能显著增加土壤贮水量,使土壤上层长期保持湿润状态,提高土壤温度(除秸秆覆盖外),降低昼夜温差,避免降雨直接冲击地面,保持良好的土壤结构.渗水地膜覆盖与秸秆覆盖、常规地膜覆盖和不覆盖相比,其产量分别增长6.4%、23.6%和29.1%,水分利用效率分别为21.5、20.2、17.4和16.7 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2.秸秆覆盖还能提高土壤有机质,增加土壤肥力.渗水地膜和常规地膜具有相同的增温效果,当气温达到35℃以上时,渗水地膜还具有降低极端温度的调节功能.但是,覆盖易造成有机质大量矿化和NO₃^--N的淋失.

关键词: 黄土旱塬, 不同覆盖, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 土壤养分

Abstract: Effecm of different mulching nn sgtring corn yield and on soil environment in Loess Plateau, Heyang County were studied. The results showed that different mulching could increase the crorn yield significantly. Soil water rnn-tents were increased remarkably except normal plastic film mulching, and the upper soil Layer kept wet far a long time-Mulching could also reduce temperature difference of day and night, kcett soil surface from direct precipita-Lion lash, and maintain better sail structure. Compared with straw mulching, normal plastic film and no mulching, water osmosis plastic film could increase the yield by 6.4%,23.6% and 29.1%,the water use elliciency 21.5, 20.2,17.4 and 16.7 kg·mm^{·hm^-2,respectively.Straw mufrhing could remarkably increase soil organic matter and soil fertility. Water asmvxis plastic film had the same effect of inereasistg temperature as normal plastic film. While air temperatum was more than 35℃,water osmosis pla.Rtir fi3m had the fuactinn of reduring extreme temperawre, but long term mulching would promote exctssine mincralixation of soil organic ni-trogen and leaching of NO₃-N.}

Key words: Arid-highland of loess plateau, Different mulching, Soil water, Soil tentpetatute. Soil nutrients

中图分类号:

S152.7

方日尧, 同延安, 梁东丽, 方娟. 黄土旱塬不同覆盖对春玉米产量及土壤环境影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (11): 1897-1900.

FANG Riyao, TONG Yanan, LIANG Dongli, FANG Juan. Effect of different mulching on spring corn yield and on soil environment in Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (11): 1897-1900.

参考文献

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