我国南方红壤矿区复垦土壤的微生物生态特征研究Ⅰ.对土壤微生物活性的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对浙江哩浦铜矿废弃地土壤微生物、土壤酶活性及生化作用强度研究表明,与对照土壤相比,矿区土壤微生物总数下降68.43%～80.32%,细菌、放线菌数量减少,但真菌变化不明显,各主要生理类群硝化细菌、氨化细菌、固氮菌、纤维素分解菌数量均呈下降趋势,土壤基础呼吸速率下降;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和脱氢酶酶活性均有不同程度减弱;土壤硝化作用、氨化作用、固氮作用和纤维素分解强度降低,抑制了矿区土壤C、N的周转速率和能量循环.土壤微生物活性减弱是矿区复垦土壤微生物生态的重要特征之一.

关键词: 矿区复垦土壤, 土壤微生物活性, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: Studies on the soil microbes,soil enzyme activity and soil biochemical intensity in copper mining wasteland indicated that the total quantity of major soil microbes declined by 68.43%～80.32%,compared with that of the non-minig soil. The proportion of bacteria and actinomyces decreased, while that of fungi did not changed obviously. The amount of major physiological groups including ammonifiers, nitrogen fixing bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria, aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria and anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria all decreased, and soil basic respiration descended, compared with the control. The activity of soil enzymes weakened,which included urease, sucrase, proteinase, acid phosphtase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase. Soil biochemical intensity including ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation and cellulose decomposition descended, and the circulation of Cand Nin mining soil inhibited. All the results showed that the weakening of microbial activity was one of major characteristics in reclaimed mining soil.

Key words: Reclaimed mining wasteland, Soil microbial activity, Soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

X171.5

龙健, 黄昌勇, 滕应, 姚槐应. 我国南方红壤矿区复垦土壤的微生物生态特征研究Ⅰ.对土壤微生物活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (11): 1925-1928.

LONG Jian, HUANG Changyong, TEN Ying, YAO Huaiying. Microbial eco-characteristics of reclaimed mining wasteland in red soil area of Southern ChinaⅠ.Effects on soil microbial activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (11): 1925-1928.

参考文献

[1] Baath E.1989.Effects of heavy metals in soils on microbial processes and populations:a review.Water Air Soil Pollu,47:335～379
[2] Bai Z-K(百中科)ed. 2000.Land Reclamation and Ecological Rehabilitation for Area of Mining and Project Construction.Beijing: China Agricultural Press.3～45(in Chinese)
[3] Brookes PC, McGrath SP.1984.Effects of metal toxicity on the size of the soil microbial biomass.J Soil Sci,35:341～346
[4] Chen F-Q(陈芳清),Lu B(卢斌),Wang X-R(王祥荣). 2001.Formation and succession of plant community on phosphate mining wasteland in Zhangcunping.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(8):1347～1353(in Chinese)
[5] Dai H-X(戴惠新),Zhang Z-H(张宗华),Wang C-X(王春秀).2001.Utilization of copper wastemine.Non-Ferrous Metal(有色金属),(1):38～40(in Chinese)
[6] Doran JW,Coleman DC,Bezdicek DF and Stewart BA.1994.Defining Soil Quality for Sustainable Environment.Madison,Wixconsin,USA:Soil Science Society of America.
[7] Duxbury T,Bicknell B. 1983.Metal-tolerant bacterial populations from natural and metal-polluted soils.Soil Biol Biochem,15:243～250
[8] Frostegard A,Tunlid A and Baath E. 1993. Phospholipid fatty acid composition,biomass,and activity of microbial communities from two soil types experimentally exposed to different heavy metals.Appl Environ Microbial,59:3605～3617
[9] Guan S-Y(关松荫) ed.1986.Soil Enzymology and its Methodology.Beijing: Agricultural Press.31～263 (in Chinese)
[10] Huang C-Y(黄昌勇) ed. 2000.Soil Science.Beijing:Agricultural Press.305～310(in Chinese)
[11] Li F-D(李阜棣). 1995.Prosperous areas of current soil microbiology.Acta Pedol Sin(土壤学报),30(3):229～236(in Chinese)
[12] Lu L-K(鲁如坤)ed.2000.Soil Agricultural-Chemical Analysis Way. Beijing: Agricultural Press.283～287(in Chinese)
[13] Nanjing Agricultural University ed.1980.Soil Agricultural-Chemical Analysis. Beijing: Agricultural Press.113～287 (in Chinese)
[14] Shu W-S(束文圣),et al.1997.Analysis of major constraints on plant colonization at Fankou Pb/Zn mine tailing.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),8(3):314～318(in Chinese)
[15] Tu C(涂从),Zheng C-R(郑春荣),Chen H-M(陈怀满). 2000.The current status of soil-plant system in copper mine tailings.Acta Pedol Sin(土壤学报), 37(2):284～287(in Chinese)
[16] Wang Y-B(王友保),Liu D-Y(刘登义),Zhang L(张莉),et al.2003.Vegetation state and soil enzyme activities of copper tailing yard on Tongguan mountain.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(5):757～760(in Chinese)
[17] Wang Q-R(王庆仁),Cui Y-S(崔岩山),Dong Y-T(董艺婷).2001.Phytoremediation-an effective approach of heavy metal cleanup from contaminated soil.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(2):326～331(in Chinese)
[18] Wang S-F(王淑芳),Hu L-S(胡连生),Ji Y-H(纪有海),et al.1991.Action intensity of nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria in chernozem polluted by heavy metals.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 2(2):174～177(in Chinese)
[19] Wei C-Y(韦朝阳),Zhang L-C(张立城). 1995.The eco-environmental conditions of the coalfields and their renovation stratedies.China Popul Res Environ(中国人口*资源与环境),(4):26～29(in Chinese)
[20] Xia H-P(夏汉平),Shu W-S(束文圣).2001.Resitance to and uptake of heavy metals by Vetiveria zizanioides and Paspalum notatum from lead/zinc mine tailings.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(7):1121～1129(in Chinese)
[21] Xu G-H(许光辉) ed.1986.Analytical Handbook of Soil Microbes.Beijing: Agricultural Press.53～287(in Chinese)
[22] Xu G-H(许光辉) ed.1991.Microbiology.Nanjing:South-East University Press.43～27 8 (in Chinese)
[23] Xu G-H(许光辉),Zheng H-Y(郑洪元),Zhang D-S(张德生),et al.1984.Study on ecological distribution and biochemcal properties of forest soil microorganisms on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),4(3):207～222(in Chinese)
[24] Xu J-L(许嘉林) ed.1995.Heavy Metals of Land Ecological System. Beijing:China Environment Press. 23～45(in Chinese)
[25] Yang X(杨修),Gao L(高林).2001.A study on re-vegetation in mining wasteland of Dexing Copper Mine.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报), 21(11):1932～1940(in Chinese)
[26] Yang Y-S(杨玉盛),Qiu R-H(邱仁辉),Yu X-T(俞新妥),et al.1999.Study on soil microbes and biochemical activity in the continuous plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata.Chin Biodiver(生物多样性),7(1):1～7(in Chinese)
[27] Yang Z-X(杨志新),Liu S-Q(刘树庆).2001.Effect of compound pollution of heavy metals on soil enzymic activities.Acta Sci Circums(环境科学学报),21(1):60～63(in Chinese)
[28] Yeates GW.1994.Impact of pasture contamination by copper,chromium,arsenic timber on soil biological activity.Biol Fert Soil,18:200～208
[29] Zhai X (翟昕),Zhu Q-Z(朱启忠).1999.On retrieving non-ferrous metals and sustainable development.China Popul Resour Environ(中国人口*资源与环境),(4):42～45(in Chinese)
[30] Zhou L-K(周礼恺) ed.1987.Soil Enzymology.Beijing:Science Press.73～187 (in Chinese)