基于遥感和地面数据的景观尺度生态系统生产力的模拟

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 描述了一个反映系统碳循环和水循环的景观尺度生态系统生产力过程模型(EPPML).该模型以遥感图像作为数据源,从中获取影响植被生产力的重要变量——叶面积指数(LAI);主要对景观尺度生态系统的净初级生产力(NPP)和蒸散量的空间分布格局和时间动态进行模拟;用地理信息系统(GIS)手段对空间数据进行处理、分析和显示,从而实现将植物生理生态研究的结果从小尺度向中尺度进行拓展和转换.本研究用EPPML对1995年长白山自然保护区的植被生产力进行了模拟,结果表明,EPPML可以比较准确地模拟该保护区主要植被的NPP.NPP的模拟值年均为0.680kgC·m^-2,变幅为0.105～1.241kgC·m^-2(82.1%),其中阔叶红松林的年NPP最高(1.084kgC·m^-2).NPP年总量为1.332×10⁶tC,以阔叶红松林和云冷杉林最高,分别为0.540×10⁶tC和0.428×10⁶tC.NPP的季节变化呈明显的单峰型,7月最大(6.13gC·m^-2·d^-1).NPP在夏季积累最多(0.465kgC·m^-2),春季次之,冬季最少.

关键词: 景观尺度, 生态系统生产力, 过程模型, 遥感数据, 地面数据, 净初级生产力, 长白山自然保护区, 土壤容重, 土壤总孔隙度, 饱和导水率, 保护性耕作, 土壤渗吸率, 蒸发特征

Abstract: In this paper,the a ecosystem productivity process model for landscape (EPPML) reflecting carbon and water cycles of system was described and discussed. In EPPML, leaf area index (LAI) that greatly influenced vegetation productivity was received from remote sensing images,the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of net primary productivity (NPP) and evapotranspiration were simulated.Geographical information system (GIS) was used to process, analyze, and display spatial data. Thus, the studies on physiological ecology could be extended,and converted from small scale to larger scale. Using EPPML,the vegetation productivity in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve in1995 was simulated. EPPML could well and truly simulate the NPP of main vegetations in the natural reserve. NPP was estimated to be 0.680 kg C穖^-2 穣r.^-1, mostly ranging from 0.105 to 1.241 kg C穖^-2 穣r.^-1, accounting for 82.1%. The highest NPP (1.084 kg C穖^-2 穣r^-1) appeared in mixed broad leaved and Korean pine forests. The total NPP was estimated to be 1.332?10⁶tC穣r^-1 . The highest total NPP appeared in mixed broad leaved and Korean pine forests and spruce fir forest, which were 0.540?10⁶tC穣r.^-1 and 0.428?10⁶tC穣r.^-1,respectively . The seasonal variation of NPPappeared obvious single peak with peak value in July (6.13 g C穖^-2 穌^-1). The most NPP accumulated in the summer, which was 0.465 kg C穖^-2, secondly in the spring,and least in the winter.

Key words: Ecosystem productivity, Process model, Landscape scale, Remote sensing data, Surface data, Net primary productivity, Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve, conservation tillage, soil total porosity, soil infiltration rate, evaporation characteristics., soil bulk density, saturated water conductivity

中图分类号:

Q948

张娜, 于贵瑞, 赵士洞, 于振良. 基于遥感和地面数据的景观尺度生态系统生产力的模拟[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (5): 643-652.

ZHANG Na, YU Guirui, ZHAO Shidong, YU Zhenliang . Ecosystem productivity process model for landscape based on remote sensing and surface data[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (5): 643-652.

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