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应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (5): 653-658.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于景观尺度过程模型的长白山地表径流量时空变化特征的模拟

张娜1, 于贵瑞2, 于振良3, 赵士洞2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院研究生院地球科学学院, 北京 100039;
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
    3. 国家自然科学基金委员会, 北京 100085
  • 收稿日期:2002-01-07 修回日期:2003-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 张娜,女,1973年生,博士,讲师,现主要从事景观生态学、生产力、碳循环、水循环和定量遥感的教学和研究工作,已发表论文9篇.E-mail:zhangna@gscas.ac.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院“百人计划”生态系统管理的基础生态学过程研究项目(CX10GC0001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(39970613)

Simulation of temporal-spatial variation characteristics of surface runoff in Changbai Mountain based on process model for landscape scale

ZHANG Na1, YU Guirui2, YU Zhenliang3, ZHAO Shidong2   

  1. 1. College of Earth Science, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
    2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    3. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China
  • Received:2002-01-07 Revised:2003-01-17

摘要: 运用已建立的景观尺度生态系统生产力过程模型EPPML对长白山自然保护区地表径流量的季节动态和空间分布特征进行了模拟,对其与环境因子间的相互关系进行了分析.模拟结果表明,长白山自然保护区地表径流量的季节进程表现出明显的三峰型,6月和9月出现低谷,8月达最大(2.58mm·d-1),与土壤含水量的季节变化趋势十分相似.1995年地表径流量的模拟值平均为0.203m·年-1,空间分布随海拔升高呈现明显增加的趋势,最高为高山流砾滩(0.619m·年-1),最低为阔叶红松林(0.081m·年-1).年地表径流量与叶面积指数(LAI)呈极显著负相关指数关系(R2=0.857).年地表径流量与气温和总辐射呈负相关关系(R2分别为0.965和0.836),与降水量、相对湿度和风速呈正相关关系(R2均大于0.950),还与土壤特性密切相关.

关键词: 地表径流量, 季节动态, 空间分布, 环境条件, 叶面积指数, 长白山自然保护区, 长期施肥, 黄壤性稻田, 土壤性质, 杂草种子, 稗草

Abstract: The seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution characteristics of surface runoff in Changbai Mountain simulated by the process model (EPPML),and the relationships between surface runoff and environmental conditions were analyzed.The results showed that the seasonal variation of surface runoff in Changbai Mountain presented obvious three peak pattern, i.e.,the lowest values in June and September, peak values in August (2.58 mm穌-1), similar to that of soil water content. Total trend of surface runoff for different vegetations in the growing season was in order of grass and shrub > coniferous forest > broad leaved forest > mixed broad leaved and Korean pine forest, highly correlated to LAI.Annual surface runoff in1995 was estimated to be 0.203 m穣r.-1, mostly ranging from 0.0 to 0.246穖穣r.-1, accounting for 69.3%. The trend of spatially increasing annual surface runoff along with increasing altitude was obvious. The maximum annual surface runoff appeared in alpine grass (0.619 m穣r.-1), minimum in mixed broad leaved and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest (0.081 m穣r.-1), others being alpine tundra, Betula ermanii forest, meadow, shrub, mixed spruce (Picea asperata) and fir (Abies nephrolepis) forest, Changbai larch (Larix olgensis) forest and broad leaved forest. Vegetation and environmental conditions controlled the main trend of the spatial distribution of annual surface runoff in Changbai Mountain. There was very strong negative exponential correlativity between annual surface runoff and LAI (R2= 0.857). The more LAI, the more literfall, the more precipitation intercepted by litter, thus, the less surface runoff. Annual surface runoff was highly negatively correlated with air temperature and total solar radiation (R2 being0.965 and 0.836 respectively), however, it was highly positively correlated with precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed (R2 being more than 0.950). And annual surface runoff was also strongly correlated to soil characteristics.

Key words: Surface runoff, Seasonal dynamics, Spatial distribution, Environmental conditions, Leaf area index, Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve, Echinochloa, yellow paddy field, weed seed, soil properties., long-term fertilization

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