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应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (5): 705-709.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬灌田影响水稻生长期甲烷排放量的因素分析

蔡祖聪1, 谢德体2, 徐华1, 魏朝富2, 高明2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008;
    2. 西南农业大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
  • 收稿日期:2002-05-12 修回日期:2002-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 蔡祖聪
  • 基金资助:
    国家杰出青年科学基金(40125004);中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目(KZCX1SW0105)

Factors influencing CH4 emissions from a permanently flooded rice field during rice growing period

CAI Zucong1, XIE Deti2, XU Hua1, WEI Chaofu2, GAO Ming2   

  1. 1. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
    2. Southwest China Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China
  • Received:2002-05-12 Revised:2002-08-12

摘要: 冬灌田是CH4排放量最大的一类稻田.对冬灌田6年(1995~2000年)的测定结果表明,越冬期排干,并种植旱作(小麦或油菜)减少后续水稻生长期CH4排放量,水稻垄作并降低冬季垄沟水位也可有效地减少水稻生长期的CH4排放量.对后3年(1998~2000年)不同处理的测定结果分析表明,冬季土壤水分含量与水稻生长期CH4排放量呈显著正相关,可以预测水稻生长期平均CH4排放量56%的年际和处理变化.如果同时考虑水稻生长期的土壤温度,则可预测78%的变化.控制渗漏池地下水位,调节冬季土壤水分,进一步证明冬季土壤水分对后续水稻生长期CH4排放量的影响.由于水稻生长期土壤温度和冬季土壤水分含量与气候因素密切相关,据此,可以认为,冬季降水和水稻生长期温度变化是导致稻田CH4排放量年际变化的主要因素.

关键词: 冬灌田, 甲烷排放, 因素分析, 垄作, 干线公路, 生态景观, 质量评价, 主成份分析, 南通市

Abstract: Permanently flooded rice fields are the rice fields which emit the largest amount of CH4 in China. A 6-years (1995~2000) measurement carried out in a permanently flooded rice field in Chongqing, China showed that draining floodwater in winter and planting upland crops,either winter wheat or rape,instead of fallow under flooded conditions not only stopped CH4 emission during the winter season, but also mitigated CH4 emission during following rice growing period. CH4 emission could also be mitigated by ridge cultivation. By using the results obtained from 1998~2000, statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between the mean CH4 emission over the rice growing period and averaged soil moisture in winter season, which explained 56% of the variation of the CH4 emissions among the years and treatments. The averaged soil moisture (0~20 cm) in winter season and soil temperature (5 cm) over the rice growing period explained 78% of the variation. The significance of soil moisture in winter season in CH4 emission during the following rice growing period was further demonstrated by a lysimeter experiment. The relationships implied that the precipitation during non rice growing period, which dominates soil moisture at a large spatial scale, and the soil temperature during the rice growing period would be the main factors controlling the annual variation of CH4 emissions from rice fields.

Key words: Permanently flooded rice field, Methane emission, Factor analysis, Ridged cultivation, Nantong City, principal component analysis, quality evaluation., ecological landscape, arterial highway

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