有机固体废弃物堆肥的物质变化及腐熟度评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 堆肥是资源化处理有机固体废弃物的有效途径之一.有机固体废弃物的种类繁多,物料的性质差异很大,另外,由于堆肥条件的不同,也会引起堆肥的物质变化有很大差异.堆肥的稳定度和腐熟度是衡量堆肥产品质量的尺度,其评价对于安全农用有着重要意义.稳定度则重于堆肥施用对周围环境的影响,而腐熟度则重于堆肥施用对植物生长的影响,它们受堆肥物料,堆肥条件等诸多因素的综合影响,其评价指标因而多种多样.堆肥稳定度主要从堆肥的温度、颜色、CO₂的释放速率、O₂的消耗速率、NO₃^--N含量变化及病原菌数量变化等方面加以评价,其中温度是最为简便的稳定度评价指标,当其趋于环境温度时,表明堆肥达到稳定.堆肥腐熟度的评价指标很多,包括化学指标、生物活性指标以及植物毒性指标3类,其中种子发芽系数作为植物毒性指标被认为是最可靠的评价指标之一.

关键词: 有机固体废弃物, 堆肥化, 稳定度, 腐熟度, 评价

Abstract: Composting is one of the most effective ways for recycling of organic solid waste. Various characteristics of different kinds of organic solid waste cause various physicochemical changes during composting, as well as the different composting conditions. Stability and maturity evaluation are the measurement for compost quality and the safe guarantee for its agricultural utilization. Stability evaluation of compost focuses on the impacts to environment after its agricultural utilization, while maturity evaluation pays attention on the phytotoxicity to plant. Stability and maturity of compost are affected by several factors, such as the characteristics of raw materials, the composting condition, and so on. Stability could be assessed by compost temperature, color, evolution rate of CO₂, consumption rate of O₂, content of NO₃^--N and quantities of pathogen, etc. Temperature was suggested to be one of the most convenient parameters for stability evaluation. Maturity could be assessed by various parameters, including the chemical, biological, and phytotoxical parameters. Seed germination index, as the phytotoxical parameter, was recommended to be one of the most convenient and reliable parameters of maturity evaluation.

Key words: Solid organic waste, Composting, Stability, Maturity, Evaluation

中图分类号:

S141.4

黄国锋, 钟流举, 张振钿, 吴启堂. 有机固体废弃物堆肥的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (5): 813-818.

HUANG Guofeng, ZHONG Liuju, ZHANG Zhentian, WU Qitang. Physicochemical changes and maturity evaluation of solid organic waste compost[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (5): 813-818.

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