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应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (1): 99-102.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

低温对小菜蛾实验种群的影响

陈非洲, 刘树生   

  1. 浙江大学应用昆虫学研究所, 杭州, 310029
  • 收稿日期:2002-02-02 修回日期:2002-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘树生E-mail:shshliu@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(39930120)

Effects of low and subzero temperature on a Plutella xylostella laboratory population

CHEN Feizhou, LIU Shusheng   

  1. Institute of Applied Entomology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
  • Received:2002-02-02 Revised:2002-06-20

摘要: 研究了低温(<8℃)对小菜蛾的发育、存活和繁殖的影响.结果表明,卵和蛹在4℃和6℃下死亡率随处理时间的延长而增加,在分别处理55d和70d后,卵和蛹全部死亡;经4℃和6℃处理的蛹,在16℃下羽化成虫的平均产卵量随处理时间的延长而减少,处理45d时,产卵量均为0.小菜蛾幼期各虫态在0℃以下,死亡率随低温强度加大和处理时间的延长而增高.就耐寒力而言,3龄幼虫和蛹最强,其次是2龄和4龄幼虫,卵和1龄幼虫的耐寒力最弱.不同低温和时间处理小菜蛾幼期虫态对其后继虫态的发育历期有较大影响,总体说来,经过处理的小菜蛾幼期虫态,其后继虫态的发育历期普遍延长,一般处理某一虫态对其相邻虫态发育历期的影响最大.小菜蛾蛹经低温处理后其羽化成虫的产卵量随着蛹期所经历低温强度的增强和时间延长而减少.

关键词: 小菜蛾, 低温, 发育历期, 存活, 产卵量

Abstract: In this study, the effects of low (< 8 ℃) abstract and subzero temperature on the development, survival and reproduction of Plutella xylostella were examined. The mortality of its egg and pupae at 4℃ and 6℃ increased with time, no egg and pupae could complete their development at these low temperatures, and all died after 55 days and 70 days, respectively. When the pupae were placed at 4℃ and 6℃ for various durations and then moved to 16℃ for development, the fecundity of the resultant adults was reduced, and the longer the duration at 4℃ and 6℃, the further the fecundity was reduced, and the fecundity was reduced to zero when the pupae were retained at these low temperatures for 45 days. The survival of this insect was observed following exposure of various stages of this insect to temperatures below 0℃. The results showed that the mortality of all preimaginal stages increased with decreased temperature and prolonged duration. The ability of cold tolerance of the various stages of this insect was in order of the third instar and pupa > the second and forth instars >the first instar and egg. Temporal exposure to temperatures below 0℃ affected the development of subsequent stages at a favorable temperature. Generally, the developmental time of the subsequent stages increased, and the largest increase of development time was observed with the stage next to the stage treated at low temperatures. Exposure of the pupal stage to low temperature also reduced the fecundity of the resultant female adults, and the reduction was positively correlated to lower temperature and longer exposure.

Key words: Plutella xylostella, Low temperature, Development time, Survival, Fecundity

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