森林生态系统健康评估Ⅰ.模式、计算方法和指标体系

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态系统健康评估是21世纪生态系统学研究的主要内容和迫切任务之一.简单实用的生态系统健康评估理论和方法需要可操作性的概念和一个全面、简明、易操作且规范化的指标体系,它们是进行生态系统健康评估的基础.以阔叶红松林生态系统为例,从对森林生态系统健康的理解和评价出发,通过引入模式生态系统集的思想,提出了对森林生态系统健康理解的独创看法,并以此提出生态系统健康评估的新方法--健康距离(HD)法,并推导出计算公式.同时,针对阔叶红松林生态系统的系统特征和面临的各种具体健康问题,提出了基于自然-经济-社会复合生态系统属性的阔叶红松林生态系统健康评估指标体系,并具体到各度量指标,为下一步的健康评估打下基础.

关键词: 生态系统健康, 评估, 模式生态系统集, 健康距离, 指标体系

Abstract: Ecosystem health assessment is one of the main researches and urgent tasks of ecosystem science in 21st century.An operational definition on ecosystem health and an all-sided,simple,easy operational and standard index system,which are the foundation of assessment on ecosystem health,are necessary in obtaining a simple and applicable assessment theory and method of ecosystem health.Taking the Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest ecosystem as an example,an originally creative idea on ecosystem health was put forward in this paper based on the idea of mode ecosystem set and the idea of forest ecosystem health,together with its assessment.This creative idea can help understand what ecosystem health is.Finally,a formula was deduced based on a new effective health assessment method—health distance (HD),which is the first time to be brought forward in China.At the same time,aiming at it's characteristics by status understanding and material health questions,a health index system of Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest ecosystem was put forward in this paper,which is a compound ecosystem based on the compound properties of nature,economy and society.It is concrete enough to measure sub-index,so it is the foundation to assess ecosystem health of Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest in next researches.

Key words: Ecosystem health, Assessment, Mode ecosystem set, Health distance, Index system

中图分类号:

S718.5

陈高, 代力民, 姬兰柱, 邓红兵, 郝占庆, 王庆礼. 森林生态系统健康评估Ⅰ.模式、计算方法和指标体系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (10): 1743-1749.

CHEN Gao, DAI Limin, JI Lanzhu, DENG Hongbing, HAO Zhanqing, WANG Qingli. Assessing forest ecosystem health IModel,method,and index system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (10): 1743-1749.

参考文献

[33] Zhang R-G(臧润国), Zhu C-Q(朱春全). 1999. An indirect assessment system for biodiversity in the Korean pine broadleaved forest region under the framework of sustainable forest management.Chin Biodiv(生物多样性), 7(3): 189 ～ 196(in Chinese)
[1] Alexander SA, Palmer CJ. 1999. Forest health monitoring in the United States: First four years. Environ Monit Assess, 55(2):267～277
[2] Callicott JB. 1992. Aldo Leopold' Metaphor Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management. Washington DC: Island Press. 42～56
[3] Callicott JB. 2000. Aldo Leopold and the foundations of ecosystem management. J For, 5: 5 ～ 13
[4] Chen B-H( 陈炳浩). 1993. Crisis and protection significance of biodiversity in the world. World For Res, (4). 1 ～ 6(in Chinese)
[5] ChenG(陈高),Dai L-M(代力民),Fan Z-H(范竹华),et al.2002. On forest ecosystem health and its evaluation. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 13(5) :605～610(in Chinese)
[6] Chen G(陈高),Deng H-B(邓红兵),Wang Q-L(王庆礼), et al.2003. Approaches for assessing forest ecosystem health. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 14(6) :995～999 (in Chinese)
[7] Costanza R. 1992. Toward an operational definition of ecosystem health. Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management. Washington, D. C.: Island Press. 239～256
[8] Guo H-y(郭海燕), Ge J-P(葛剑平). 1995. Outline of ecological literatures on Korean pine forest in China. J Northeast For Univ (东北林业大学学报), 23(3) :57～62(in Chinese)
[9] Hodges DG, Regens JL. 1996. Methodological issues in valuing forest ecosystem health. Ecosyst Health, 2 ( 1 ): 52 ～ 56
[10] Kolb TE, Wagner MR, Covington WW. 1994. Concepts of forest health - Utilitarian and ecosystem perspectives. J For, 6:10～ 15
[11] Kong H-M(孔红梅), Zhao J-Z(赵景柱), Ji L-Z(姬兰柱). 2002.Assessment method of ecosystem health. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13(4) :486～490(in Chinese)
[12] Kristiina KA, John GC. 2002. Ecosystem: A Balance and Management Science. New York: Springer-Verlag.
[13] LiJ(李瑾),AnS-Q(安树青),ChengX-L(程小莉),et al.2001. Advances in assessment of ecosystem health. Acta Phytoecol Sin (植物生态学报), 25(6) :641 ～647(in Chinese)
[14] Li J-W(李景文). ed. 1997. Korean Pine Mixed Forest:Ecology and Management. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University Press. (in Chinese)
[15] LiW-H(李文华),DengS-M(邓申枚),LiF(李飞).1981.Study on biomass and primary production of the main ecosystem in Changbai Mountain. Res For Ecosyst (森林生态系统研究), 11: 34～ 50 (in Chinese)
[16] Ma K-M(马克明),Kong H-M(孔红梅),Guan W-B(关文彬), et al. 2001. Ecosystem health assessment: Methods and directions.Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 21 (12): 2106～ 2116(in Chinese)
[17] Meng K-T(孟凯韬). ed. 1991. Introduction on Thinking Mathematics. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
[18] O'-Laughlin-J, Livingston RL, Their R, et al. 1993. Defining and measuring forest health. In: Sampson RN ed. Assessing Forest Ecosystem Health in the Inland West. New York: Food Products Press. 65～ 86
[19] O'-Laughlin J. 1996. Forest ecosystem health assessment issues:Definition, measurement, and management implications. Ecosyst Health, 2(1): 19～40
[20] Rapport DJ, Costanza R, et al. 1998. Assessing ecosystem health.Tree, 13: 397 ～ 402
[21] Rapport DJ. 1989. What constitute ecosystem health? Perspect Biol Medic, 33:120 ～ 132
[22] Rapport DJ. 1995. Ecosystem services and management options as blanket indicators of ecosystem health. J Aquat Ecosyst Health, 4 (2) :97～ 105
[23] Ren H(任海),Wu J-G(邬建国),Peng S-L(彭少麟).2000.Evaluation and monitoring of ecosystem health. Trop Geogr(热带地理), 20(4) :310～316(in Chinese)
[24] Schaeffer DJ, Henricks EE, Kerster HW. 1988. Ecosystem health 1. Measuring ecosystem health. Environ Man, 2: 445 ～ 455
[25] Shao G-F(邵国凡), Zhao S-D(赵士洞), Shugart H. 1996. Forest Dynamical Simulation - On Optirnized Management of Korean Pine Forest. Beijing: China Forestry Press. (in Chinese)
[26] Tao Y(陶炎). 1994. Revolution and succession trends of forest vegetation in Changbai Mountain. Res For Ecosyst (森林生态系统研究), Ⅶ: 137 ～ 185(in Chinese)
[27] Wang Q-L(王庆), Deng H-B(邓红兵). 2001. Flections on studies of forest ecology. Impact Sci Soc ( 科学对社会的影响 ), 3:42～47 (in Chinese)
[28] Wang Y-J ( 王业遽 ) ed. 1995. Broadleaved Korean Pine Forest.Harbin: Northeast Forestry University Press. (in Chinese)
[29] Woodley S. 1993. Monitoring and measuring ecosystem integrity in Canadian national parks. In: Woodley S, Kay J, Francis G, eds. Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems. Ottawa, Canada: St. Lucie Press. 155～ 176
[30] Xu H-C(徐化成) ed. 2001. Korean Pine Natural Forest in China.Beijing: China Forestry Press. ( in Chinese)
[31] Yazvenko SB, Rapport DJ. 1996. A framework for assessing forest ecosystem health. Ecosyst Health, 2 ( 1 ): 40 ～ 52
[32] Yuan X-Z(袁兴中),Liu H(刘红), Lu J-J(陆建建).2001.Assessment of ecosystem health-Concept framework and indicator selection. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 12(4) :627 ～ 629 (in Chinese)