食真菌线虫与真菌的相互作用及其对土壤氮素矿化的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用悉生培养微缩体系,探讨了食真菌线虫(燕麦真滑刃线虫)与两种真菌(真菌Ⅰ:外皮毛霉和真菌Ⅱ:丛梗孢科的一种)间的相互作用及其对土壤氮素矿化的影响.结果表明,燕麦真滑刃线虫在取食两种真菌时表现为在真菌Ⅱ上的生长优于真菌Ⅰ,两个处理的线虫数达到显著差异.食真菌线虫对真菌的取食活动促进了真菌的增殖:接种真菌Ⅱ加线虫处理中真菌Ⅱ的数量是仅接种真菌Ⅱ处理的2.5～3.5倍,增幅在整个培养期基本稳定;而接种真菌Ⅰ加线虫处理中真菌Ⅰ的数量在培养前期(10d)是仅接种真菌Ⅰ处理的1.1～2.0倍,之后增幅达5.0～5.7倍.线虫和真菌的生长及增殖基本保持同步.食真菌线虫与真菌的相互作用显著提高了土壤铵态氮和矿质态氮含量,促进了土壤氮的矿化,其中线虫与真菌Ⅰ的相互作用对提高矿质态氮含量的贡献显著大于线虫与真菌Ⅱ的相互作用.

关键词: 食真菌线虫, 真菌, 相互作用, 氮素矿化

Abstract: A species of fungal-feeding nematodes (Aphelenchus avenae) and two species of fungi (Micheli corticolus and Moniliaceae sp.) were isolated from an alluvial soil planted with paddy-rice and wheat in subtropical region.In order to approach their interactions and effects on soil nitrogen mineralization,a gnotobiotic microcosm experiment was carried out with four treatments,i.e.,1) soil + fungi-I (M.corticolus),2) soil + fungi Ⅰ + Aphelenchus avenae,3) soil + fungi II (Moniliaceae sp.),and 4) soil + fungi Ⅱ + Aphelenchus avenae at 22 ℃ for 25 days.The results showed that the individuals of nematode and fungi were increased simultaneously,suggesting that the inoculation of A.avenae stimulated the growth of fungi.The fungal-feeding nematode increased during the initial 20 days of incubation and then decreased slowly,and the individuals of the nematode that fed on Moniliaceae sp.(Ⅱ) were higher than those fed on M.corticolus (I) (P<0.01).In the first 12 days of incubation,the population of Moniliaceae sp.(Ⅱ) increased 2.5～3.5 times,while that of M.corticolus (Ⅰ) increased slower but caught up after the 12^th day,and the density reached 5.0～5.7 times higher than the corresponding treatments with only fungi inoculation.The interactions encouraged the soil nitrogen mineralization of all four treatments,as compared with the control.Comparing the treatments with and without fungal-feeding nematode inoculation,the treatments with fungal-feeding nematode had a higher content of soil NH₄⁺-N than those with only fungi inoculations,which indicated that nematode had a greater effect on soil nitrogen mineralization than fungi.As for the two species of fungi,M.corticolus (Ⅰ) had a greater effect on soil nitrogen mineralization than Moniliaceae sp.(Ⅱ).It was observed,however,that the nitrification rate declined as compared with the control.

Key words: Fungal-feeding nematode, Fungi, Nematode-fungi interaction, N-mineralization

中图分类号:

李辉信, 毛小芳, 胡锋, 马吉平. 食真菌线虫与真菌的相互作用及其对土壤氮素矿化的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (12): 2304-2308.

LI Huixin, MAO Xiaofang, HU Feng, MA Jiping. Interactions between fungal-feeding nematodes and fungi and their effects on soil nitrogen mineralization[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (12): 2304-2308.

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