穿山甲洞穴生态学初步研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (3): 401-407.

穿山甲洞穴生态学初步研究

吴诗宝^1,2, 马广智³, 陈海⁴, 徐昭荣⁵, 李友余⁵, 刘迺发¹

1. 兰州大学生命科学院, 兰州 730000;
2. 湛江师范学院, 湛江 524048;
3. 华南师范大学生命科学院, 广州 510631;
4. 茂名市林业局, 茂名 525000;
5. 广东省大雾岭自然保护区, 茂名 525000

收稿日期:2002-07-25 修回日期:2003-03-27
通讯作者: 吴诗宝,男,1965年生,博士生,副教授,主要从事脊椎动物生态、资源保护与人工驯养繁殖研究,发表论文30余篇.Tel:0759-3183143,E-mail:wushibao@63.net
基金资助:
国家科技部;国家中医药管理局;世界野生生物基金会(WWF)项目(200101);中国野生动物保护协会资助项目(200205)

A preliminary study on burrow ecology of Manis pentadactyla

WU Shibao^1,2, MA Guangzhi³, CHEN Hai⁴, XU Zhaorong⁵, LI Youyu⁵, LIU Naifa ¹

1. School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Zhanjiang Normal College, Zhanjiang 524048, China;
3. South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
4. Maoming Forest Bureau, Maoming 525000, China;
5. Dawuling Natural Reserve, Guangdong Province, Maoming 525000, China

Received:2002-07-25 Revised:2003-03-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2000年6月～2001年5月,在大雾岭自然保护区共记录到61个穿山甲洞穴,并对其中的40个进行了解剖.结果发现,穿山甲的洞均为盲洞,没有分支;洞口径大小一般为长径14.20±2.79cm(n=61),短径12.50±2.83cm(n=61);洞穴可分为冬洞和夏洞.冬洞在冬春季节打造,洞穴较深(1.44±0.73m,n=28).夏洞在夏秋季节打造,洞穴较浅(0.32±0.11m,n=12);穿山甲多在冬春季打洞,夏季打洞少,并且主要选择在土质松软湿润、土层厚、地表有机质丰富的黄壤土中打洞,以获得食物白蚁,然后再利用它越冬、卧息、繁殖、隐藏和逃避敌害;穿山甲对新洞的平均利用时间为12.25±2.25d,而对旧洞的再次利用率极低(1/12=8.33%).文中还记录了61个洞穴所在的各种环境因子(分为9类,27种),并依据因子出现频次和系统聚类结果,对穿山甲的洞穴生境选择进行了分析.穿山甲喜爱将洞穴设置在干扰程度小(干扰源距离>1000m)、坡度较陡(30°～60°)、坡向为半阴半阳坡、针阔混交林、中低海拔(760～1500m)、洞口隐蔽程度好(全隐蔽或半隐蔽)、中坡或下坡位、离水源距离近(<500m)的生境内;不喜爱将洞穴设置在阴坡、洞口隐蔽程度差(裸露)、极陡坡(>60°)或缓坡.

关键词: 穿山甲, 洞穴, 生境选择, 大雾岭自然保护区

Abstract: A total of 61 pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)burrows at Dawuling Natural Reserve were recorded and measured from June 2000 to May 2001,and 40 of them were dissected.The results indicated that all the burrows were blind without branch.The long diameter of entrance was 14.20±2.79 cm(n=61),and the short one was 12.50±2.83 cm(n=61).These burrows could be divided into two types,i.e,winter burrows and summer burrows.Winter burrows were relatively deeper(1.44±0.73 m,n=28),and summer burrows were relatively shallower(0.32±0.11 m,n=12).The soil in burrows was usually soft,damp and thick,with a thick surface layer of organic matter.The main motive of digging burrows was to prey on termites,hibernate,rest,breed,hide,and defense.The mean residing duration of pangolin in a burrow was 12.25±2.25 d.Pangolin rarely utilized the used burrows,and the reutilization rate of used burrows was only 8.33%.The surroundings factors of 61 burrows were recorded,and divided into 9 categories and 27 subcategories.According to the occurrence frequency of each factor and the cluster analysis results of 61 burrows,the habitat selection of pangolin was discussed,which showed that pangolin preferred creating burrows at the sites with weak human disturbance(distance from disturbance source beyond 1 000 m),steep slope(30°～60°),half sunny and half shady slope,mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest,moderate elevation(760～1 500 m),good hiding conditions at entrance(full cover or partial cover),middle or lower slope location,and easily accessing to water source(distance from water source within 500 m).Pangolin was averse to establish burrows at the habitats with shady slope,poor hiding condition at entrance(bare),sharp steeper(>60°)or gentle(<30)slope,higher elevation(over 1 500 m),and coniferous forest.Pangolin preferred south facing,and strongly avoided north facing entrance.

Key words: Manis pentadactyla, Burrow, Habitat selection, Dawuling Natural Reserve

中图分类号:

Q958.12

吴诗宝, 马广智, 陈海, 徐昭荣, 李友余, 刘迺发. 穿山甲洞穴生态学初步研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (3): 401-407.

WU Shibao, MA Guangzhi, CHEN Hai, XU Zhaorong, LI Youyu, LIU Naifa . A preliminary study on burrow ecology of Manis pentadactyla[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (3): 401-407.

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