欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (3): 420-424.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

放牧对沙质草地生态系统组分的影响

赵哈林, 张铜会, 赵学勇, 周瑞莲   

  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2002-05-15 修回日期:2002-10-05
  • 通讯作者: 赵哈林,男,1954年生,研究员,博导,主要从事干旱区生态学研究,出版专著9部,发表论文百余篇.Tel:09314967201,E-mail:resdiv@s.lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(TG2000048704);内蒙古自治区“十五”科技攻关资助项目

Effect of grazing on sandy grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia

ZHAO Halin, ZHANG Tonghui, ZHAO Xueyong, ZHOU Ruilian   

  1. Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2002-05-15 Revised:2002-10-05

摘要: 对内蒙古科尔沁沙质草地5年的放牧试验结果表明,过牧对草地生态系统的危害很大,连续5年过牧使草地生物多样性、植被盖度、高度和初级生产力分别较禁牧区低87.9%、82.1%、94.0%和57.0%,草地现存生物量仅为禁牧区的2.1%,土壤粘粒、C、N含量和微生物、小型动物数量也较之降低6.0%、31.9%、25.0%、95.0%和75.9%,地表紧实度提高274.0%,特别是次级生产力从第3年转为负增长,使草地产出功能完全破坏.封育对沙质草地十分有益,封育5年草地各项指标均有大幅度增加.轻牧和中牧下的植被盖度、高度、土壤状况处于禁牧区和重牧区之间,其中轻牧区植被情况要好于中牧区,但次级生产力低于中牧区.根据多年调查和本次试验结果可以认为,内蒙古东部半干旱沙质草地牧草的利用率应为45%~50%,草地载畜量以3~4羊单位·hm-2比较适宜.

关键词: 沙质草地, 生态系统, 放牧影响

Abstract: This experiment was carried out for 5 years in Horqin sandy land,Inner Mongolia,which had 4 treatments:Non-grazing (NG),light grazing (LG),moderate grazing (MG) and over grazing (OG).The results showed that different grazing intensities resulted in different development trend of the pasture ecosystem,of which,the injury of OG on pasture ecosystem was very great.The plant diversity,vegetation coverage,plant height and primary productivity under continuous overgrazing for 5 year were 87.9%,82.1%,94.0% and 57.0%,respectively,lower than those in NG.The biomass on the OG pasture was only 2.1% of NG,and the contents of soil clay,C and N as well as the quantities of soil microbes and small animals in OG were respectively 6.0%,31.9%,25.0%,95 0% and 75.9% lower than those in NG,but the soil hardness was raised by 274.0%.Especially,the secondary productivity of the pasture became negative from the third year,and the productive foundation of the pasture ecosystem was completely destroyed.Non-grazing was beneficial to pasture,and enclosure caused an increase in vegetation coverage,plant height and primary productivity.The vegetation coverage,plant height and soil status in LG and MG were not as good as those in NG,but were stable and didn't show worsening trend.Based on the above results,it's considered that on the sandy pasture in the semi-arid area of Inner Mongolia,the rational grass utilization ratio is 45%~50%,and the suitable loading capacity is 3~4 sheep unit·hm-2.

Key words: Sandy pasture, Ecosystem, Grazing effects

中图分类号: