辽西半干旱区几种人工林生态系统涵养水源功能研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从森林生态系统树冠截留降雨、枯落物持水及土壤蓄水3个层次对辽西半干旱区种人工林生态系统的涵养水源功能进行了定量研究.结果表明,各人工林生态系统树冠对降雨的平均截留率为14.58%～37.19%,依次为沙棘林>油松沙棘混交林>杨树沙棘混交林>油松纯林>杨树纯林;枯落物层厚度为1.6～4.1 cm,枯落物贮量为1 890.4～6 425.2 kg·hm^-2,枯落物层厚度和贮量均为沙棘林>油松沙棘混交林>杨树沙棘混交林>油松纯林>杨树纯林,枯落物最大持水量取决于枯落物贮量及其最大持水率,枯落物最大持水量为 5957.7～19 332.9 kg·hm^-2,依次为沙棘林>油松沙棘混交林>杨树沙棘混交林>油松纯林>杨树纯林;各人工林生态系统0～40 cm土壤层非毛管蓄水量为23.70～37.85 mm,依次为沙棘林>杨树沙棘混交林>油松沙棘混交林>杨树纯林>油松纯林.在种人工林生态系统中,沙棘林的涵养水源功能最好,混交林较油松和杨树纯林有更好的涵养水源功能.

关键词: 辽西半干旱区, 人工林, 涵养水源, 树冠截留, 枯落物持水, 土壤蓄水

Abstract: Five artificial forest ecosystems in semiarid region of western Liaoning Province were selected to test their water conservation capacity.The average interception rate of different artificial forest ecosystems varied from 14.58% to 37.19%,and the order was H.rhamnoides forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis-H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.simonii H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis forest ecosystem> P.simonii forest ecosystem.The thickness of the litter layer in different forest ecosystems varied from 1.6 to 4.1 cm,and the biomass of the litter varied from 1 890.4 to 6 425.2 kg hm^-2.The order of the thickness and the biomass of the litter in different forest ecosystems was H.rhamnoides forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.simonii H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis forest ecosystem> P.simonii forest ecosystem.The maximum water holding capacity of the litter in different forest ecosystems varied form 5 957.7 to 1 9332.9 kg·hm^-2,and the order was H.rhamnoides forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.simonii H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis forest ecosystem> P.simonii forest ecosystem.The water holding capacity of non capillary porosity of 0～40 cm soil layer in different forest ecosystems varied from²3.70 to 37.85 mm,and the order was H.rhamnoides forest ecosystem> P.simonii H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis H.rhamnoides mixed forest ecosystem> P.simonii forest ecosystem> P.tabulaeformis forest ecosystem.Among the five artificial forest ecosystems, H.rhamnoides forest ecosystem had the best water conservation capacity,and the mixed forest ecosystems had a better water conservation capacity than P.tabulaeformis and P.simonii forest ecosystem.

Key words: Semiarid region of western Liaoning Province, Artificial forest, Conservation of water resources, Canopy interception, Water holding of litter, Soil water conservation

中图分类号:

S718.56

罗跃初, 韩单恒, 王宏昌, 刘建民, 魏晶, 吴钢. 辽西半干旱区几种人工林生态系统涵养水源功能研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (6): 919-923.

LUO Yuechu, HAN Shanheng, WANG Hongchang, LIU Jianmin, WEI Jing, WU Gang . Water conservation functions of several artificial forest ecosystems in semiarid region of western Liaoning Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (6): 919-923.

参考文献

[1] Chen B-F(陈步峰),Zhou G-Y(周光益),Zeng Q-B(曾庆波),et al.1994.Hydrological process and nutrient tendency on the regenerative forest ecosystem of tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling,China.For Res(林业科学研究),7(5):525～530(in Chinese)
[2] Daily G.1997.What are ecosystem services?In:Daily G ed.Natures Services:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems.Washington:Island Press.1～10
[3] Deng K-M(邓坤枚),Shi P-L(石培礼),Xie G-D(谢高地).2002.Water conservation of forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and its benefits.Resour Sci(资源科学),24(6):68～73(in Chinese)
[4] Geng Y-Q(耿玉清),Wang B-P(王保平).2000.Effect of forest litter on water source conservation.J Beijing For Univ(北京林业大学学报),22(5):49～52(in Chinese)
[5] Guo L-Q(郭立群),Wang Q-H(王庆华),Zhou H-C(周洪昌),et al.1999.Rainfall interception of forest litter of main forest types in central Yunnan Plateau.Yunnan For Sci Technol(云南林业部科技),(1):22～25(in Chinese)
[6] Hao Z-Q(郝占庆),Wang L-H(王力华).1998.Water conservation capacities of soils with major forest types in mountainous regions of east Liaoning Province.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),9(3):237～241(in Chinese)
[7] Huang Q-F(黄庆丰),Gao J(高健),Wu Z-M(吴泽民).2002.Study on the fertility of soil and the benefit of soil-water conservation for different forest types.J Anhui Agric Univ(安徽农业大学学报),29(1):82～86(in Chinese)
[8] Huang Z-L(黄忠良),Kong G-H(孔国辉),Yu Q-F(余清发),et al.2000.Hydrological function and nutrient dynamics in lower subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest.Acta Phytoecol Sin(植物生态学报),24(2):157～161(in Chinese)
[9] Jiang W-W(蒋文伟),Yu S-Q(余树全),Zhou G-M(周国模),et al.2002.A study on water-holding function of different forest vegetation in Anji region.J Jiangxi Agric Univ(江西农业大学学报),24(5):635～639(in Chinese)
[10] Jiang Z-L(姜志林).1984.Function of water and soil conservation of forest ecosystems.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),3(3):61～64(in Chinese)
[11] Liang J-M(梁建民),Mao S-Y(毛士英),Liu C-T(刘采堂).1980 Observation and study in annual rainfall on rainfall stay crown cover of the forest.Geogr J Coll(地理集刊),(12):39～52(in Chinese)
[12] Liu S-R(刘世荣),Wen Y-G(温远光),Wang B(王兵),et al.1996.Ecohydrological Functions of Forest Ecosystems in China.Beijing:China Forestry Press.72～117(in Chinese)
[13] Liu X-D(刘向东),Wu Q-X(吴钦孝),Zhao H-Y(赵鸿雁).1991.A study on hydro-ecological functions of litters of artificial Chinese pine forest on the loess plateau.J Soil Water Conser(水土保持学报),5(4):87～92(in Chinese)
[14] Liu X-D(刘向东).1982.A study on the precipitation intercepted by forest on Mountain Liupan.J For Sci Technol(林业科技通讯),(3):18～21(in Chinese)
[15] Ma X-H(马雪华).1993.Forest Hydro-Ecology.Beijing:China Forestry Press.91～132(in Chinese)
[16] Mao S-S(马树森).1991.Recovery and development approach of forest vegetation in western Liaoning Province.Liaoning For Sci Tech(辽宁林业科技),(2):59～62(in Chinese)
[17] Nanjing Soil Science Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院南京土壤研究所).1978.Analysis of Physical and Chemical Nature.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press.90～410(in Chinese)
[18] Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Wang R-S(王如松),Zhao J-Z(赵景柱).1999.Ecosystem services and their economic valuation.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(5):635～640(in Chinese)
[19] Wan T(万涛),Zhang J-M(张建民),Pan K-W(潘开文).2003.Ecological function and restoration strategies of forests in the regions of evergreen broad-leaved forest in the lower and middle mountain areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.J Sichuan For Sci Technol(四川林业科技),24(1):56～60(in Chinese)
[20] Wang D(王棣),Lu J(吕皎).2001.Function of water and soil conservation of mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis.J Soil Water Conserv(水土保持学报),15(4):44～46(in Chinese)
[21] Wei T-X(魏天兴),Yu X-X(余新晓),Zhu J-Z(朱金兆),et al.2001.Relationship between water supply and consumption of main planting tree species of protection forests in loess area of western Shanxi Province.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(2):185～189(in Chinese)
[22] Wu G,Xiao H,Zhao JZ,et al.2002.Forest ecosystem services of Changbai Mountain in China.Sci China(Series C),45(1):21～32
[23] Wu Q-X(吴钦孝),Zhao H-Y(赵鸿雁).2000.Hydro-ecological effects of forest and suitable index of vegetation coverage.Chin Bull Soil Water Cons(水土保持通报),20(5):32～34(in Chinese)
[24] Zhang J-C(张金池),Hu H-B(胡海波),Zhu K-C(朱克成),et al.1995.A study on the function of soil and water conservation via different harnessing managements.J Nanjing For Univ(南京林业大学学报),19(3):6～10(in Chinese)
[25] Zhang Q-F(张庆费),Zhou X-F(周晓峰).1994.Evaluation of the benefits of forest on the water storage and sediment reduction in Hulan River and Tangwang River Basins.Ecol Econom(生态经济),(6):21～24(in Chinese)
[26] Zhang Z-Q(张志强),Wang L-X(王礼先),Yu X-X(余新晓),et al.2001.Impacts of forest vegetation on runoff generation mechanisms:A review.J Nat Resour(自然资源学报),16(1):79～84(in Chinese)
[27] Zhao C-Y(赵传燕),Feng Z-D(冯兆东),Liu Y(刘勇).2003.Study on one of ecological services of forest ecosystem in arid region water resource conservation.Chin J Mou Sci(山地学报),21(2):157～161(in Chinese)
[28] Zhao H-Y(赵鸿雁),Wu Q-X(吴钦孝),Liu G-B(刘国彬).2002.Studies on hydro-ecological effects of Populus davidiane stand.Acta Phytoecol Sin(植物生态学报),26(4):497～500(in Chinese)
[29] Zhao S-D(赵士洞).1995.Technological Criterion on Orientation Study of Forest Ecosystem.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[30] Zhou G-Y(周光益),Chen B-F(陈步峰),Zeng Q-B(曾庆波),et al.1996.Water balance and geological cycling of main nutrients in the tropical mountain rainforest,Hainan Island.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),16(1):28～32(in Chinese)
[31] Zhou X-F(周晓峰).1999.Ecological Services and Management Approach of Forest.Beijing:China Forestry Press.(in Chinese)
[32] Zhu J-Z(朱金兆),Liu J-J(刘建军),Zhu Q-K(朱清科),et al.2002.Hydro-ecological functions of forest litter layers.J Beijing For Univ(北京林业大学学报),24(5/6):30～34(in Chinese)