西双版纳不同演替状态热带次生林土壤节肢动物群落特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用样地调查法,对西双版纳4种不同演替状况热带次生林:中平树(Macaranga denticulate)、崖豆藤(Millettia laptobotrya)、野芭蕉(Musa acuminata)与黄竹(Dendrocalamus membranaceae)林的土壤节肢动物群落结构与季节变化进行了研究.结果表明,4类不同演替状况次生林土壤节肢动物群落在数量优势类群组成上无较大差异,蜱螨目为所有4类林地的突出优势类群,膜翅目、弹尾目和鞘翅目在不同林地中分别为不同数量等级的次优势类群,而在常见和稀有类群的组成上,各林地表现出较大的差异.土壤节肢动物类群数、个体数和DG多样性指数以正向演替的崖豆藤林最高,偏途演替的黄竹林最低,但中平树、崖豆藤和野芭蕉林的差异不大.4类林地土壤节肢动物类群数和个体数的垂直分布分别以凋落物层和土壤表层(0～5 cm)最高,其它各层分布因林地不同各异,并存在明显的季节差异.各林地土壤节肢动物个体数和类群数的季节消长总体表现出干季和雨季初期与末期高于雨量最大的雨季中期,由于不同林地植被结构、凋落物数量和质量以及土壤水热状况不同,其季节变化显现样地差异,除了受林地降水量和温度变化影响外,食物的丰欠和栖息场所的干扰状况也有重要的影响作用.

关键词: 演替, 次生林, 土壤节肢动物, 群落特征

Abstract: Studies on the soil arthropod community structure and its seasonal variation in four types of secondary forest,including Macaranga denticulate forest(Md), Millettia laptobotrya forest(Ml), Musa acuminata forest(Ma)and Dendrocalamus membranaceae forest(Dm)in Xishuangbanna showed that Acari,Hymenoptera(ant)and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil arthropods on all study sites,but their proportions differed in different forests.For the common and rare groups of soil arthropods,there were some differences in four forests.We found fewer taxonomic groups(number of order),individuals and DG diversity index of soil arthropod communities in Dm secondary forest,as compared to another three forest types.There was no significant difference in number of groups and individuals and DG diversity index of soil arthropods among Md,Ml and Ma.The taxonomic diversity and population of soil arthropods were higher in top soil(0～5 cm)than in deeper layers.The research indicated that the dynamics of soil arthropods was correlated with the fluctuation of temperature and rainfall in this area.In general,the groups,populations and DG diversity index of soil arthropod communities were higher in dry season or early rainy season than in middle rainy season.There were some differences in the seasonal variation of soil arthropod communities in different type forests,which was primarily related to precipitation,temperature,litter quantity and quality,and biology of different soil arthropods.Apparently,food,habitation and disturb also have effects on the seasonal variation of soil arthropod communities in different forests.

Key words: Succession, Tropical secondary forest, Soil arthropod communities, Structure and diversity

中图分类号:

S718.6

杨效东, 唐建维. 西双版纳不同演替状态热带次生林土壤节肢动物群落特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (6): 988-994.

YANG Xiaodong, TANG Jianwei. Soil arthropod communities in different successional tropical secondary forests in Xishuangbanna,SW China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (6): 988-994.

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