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应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (8): 1318-1322.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西双版纳热带湿性季节雨林和次生林林下砂仁种植的比较研究

冯志立, 甘建民, 郑征, 冯玉龙   

  1. 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园昆明分部, 昆明 650223
  • 收稿日期:2003-06-09 修回日期:2003-12-26
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目;中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCW1SW130X0X);云南省自然科学基金资助项目(1999C0090M)

A comparative study on Amomum villosum cultivation under tropical wet seasonal rainforest and secondary forest at Xishuangbanna

FENG Zhili, GAN Jianmin, ZHENG Zheng, FENG Yulong   

  1. Kunming Division, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
  • Received:2003-06-09 Revised:2003-12-26

摘要: 为保护热带雨林,改变现有砂仁栽培模式,探讨改雨林下种砂仁为次生林下种砂仁的可行性,比较研究了热带雨林和次生林下砂仁的生长状况和产量.砂仁种植对雨林生物量和生产力影响显著,对次生林的影响不显著.2种林下砂仁4类植株的密度和生物量的大小顺序均为壮株、衰老株、苗和笋.雨林和次生林下砂仁笋和苗的总数分别为衰老株数量的3.95和1.66倍,远多于衰老株数量,表明砂仁能够维持种群稳定.雨林下砂仁苗多为长势较弱的老苗,绝大多数最终不能生长成壮株.2种林下砂仁壮株密度和生物量差异不显著,但次生林下砂仁衰老株、苗和笋的密度和生物量显著高于雨林,表明次生林下砂仁更新比雨林下快.次生林下砂仁产量为78.068 kg·hm-2,略高于雨林.值得注意的是,砂仁产量很低,茎生物量比很高(0.6以上),果实生物量比极低(0.01),增产潜力较大.次生林的生物量低于雨林,透光率高于雨林,土壤水分含量与雨林接近,有利于砂仁的生长发育,可以在次生林下种植砂仁.

关键词: 热带雨林, 次生林, 生物量, 生物量分配, 产量, 砂仁种植

Abstract: In order to protect rainforests,change the present Amomum villosum cultivation model,and explore the possibility of cultivating A.villosum under secondary forest,a comparative study was made on the growth and fruit yield of A.villosum cultivated under tropical wet seasonal rainforest and secondary forest at Xishuangbanna.The results showed that A.villosum cultivation had a significant effect on rainforest biomass and net productivity,but no effect on secondary forest.Under both rainforest and secondary forest,the order of plant density and biomass,from big to small,was vigorous plant,senescent plant,seedling,and shoot.The sum of shoot and seedlings was 3.95 and 1.66 times of senescent plant under rainforest and secondary forest,respectively,which meant that A.villosum could maintain population stability.Under rainforest,many of A.villosum seedlings were poorly growing old ones,and most of them could not grow and develop normally.The density and biomass of vigorous plant were not significantly different under rainforest and secondary forest,but those of shoot,seedling and senescent plant were significantly higher under secondary forest than under rainforest,suggesting that A.villosum rejuvenescence was faster under secondary forest.A.villosum fruit yield was 78.068 kg穐m-2 in secondary forest,slightly higher than that in rainforest.It was worthwhile to notice that A.villosum yield was very low,its stem biomass ratio was very high (above 0.6),and the fruit biomass ratio was extremely low (about 0.01),which showed that the yield-increasing potency of A.villosum was great through improving biomass partition between fruit and stem.The biomass and canopy coverage of secondary forest was lower than those of rainforest,but the soil water content of secondary forest was similar to that of rainforest,which was favorable to the growth and development of A.villosum.The results presented above indicated that A.villosum could be cultivated in secondary forest.

Key words: Tropical wet seasonal rainforest, Secondary forest, Biomass, Biomass partition, Fruit yield, Amomum villosum cultivation

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