绿洲农业不同种植方式防止土壤风蚀和保持土壤水分的比较

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2001年～2002年,在河西走廊中断黑河中游,研究了不同方式对春季就地起沙、风速梯度、水分保持等方面的效应.结果表明,冬灌免耕、粮草间作和早春覆膜措施都不同程度地遏制了就地起沙,减少了土壤风蚀.早春覆膜在减少土壤风蚀量的同时,提高了土壤蓄水量,比春耕裸露农田蓄水量增加了35.6%.目前,春耕播种裸地是形成沙尘暴和浮尘的粉尘含量的主要来源之一,黑河中、上游农田耕地每年产生的粉尘输移量达4.8×10⁶～6.0×10⁶t,高于同区域沙漠粉尘输移量.河西走廊粉尘输移量1 hm²农田相当于1.5 hm²沙漠.

关键词: 绿洲农业, 种植方式, 粮草间作, 土壤风蚀, 土壤水分

Abstract: During 2001～2002,the effects of different cultivation modes including winter irrigation and zero tillage,crop-grass intercropping,and early spring film mulching on sand entrainment,wind velocity gradient and soil moisture conservation were studied in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in the Hexi Corridor region.The results showed that all these modes could reduce soil wind erosion and halt sand entrainment to different degrees.Compared with the bare fields exposed by spring plowing,early spring film mulching could increase soil moisture storage by 35.6%.At present,spring plowing and sowing was a main factor responsible to the occurrence of sand storms and the increase in suspended dust content.Farmlands in the upper and middle reaches of the Heihe River generally produced a dust transport up to 4.8～6.0 million tons per year,which was higher than that of sandy desert in the same region.In the Hexi Corridor region,the suspended dust amount produced from 1 hm² farmland was equivalent to that of 1.5 hm² desert.

Key words: Oasis agriculture, Cultivation mode, Crop-grass intercropping, Soil wind erosion, Soil moisture

中图分类号:

S714

苏培玺, 赵爱芬, 杜明武. 绿洲农业不同种植方式防止土壤风蚀和保持土壤水分的比较[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (9): 1536-1540.

SU Peixi, ZHAO Aifen, DU Mingwu. Functions of different cultivation modes in oasis agriculture on soil wind erosion control and soil moisture conservation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (9): 1536-1540.

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