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低丘李园复合经营模式间作物生态效应研究

章铁 黄显鹏 杨斌   

  1. 安徽农业大学果树学重点实验室,合肥 230036
  • 收稿日期:2004-11-22 修回日期:2005-04-08 出版日期:2005-06-18

Ecological effects of intercrops in comprehensive management patterns of hilly area plum orchard

ZHANG Tie,HUANG Xianpeng,YANG Bin   

  1. Key Laboratory of Pomology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China
  • Received:2004-11-22 Revised:2005-04-08 Online:2005-06-18

摘要: 对沿江低丘李园4种优化模式的间作物生态效应分析表明,随重复种植的增加,4种间种模式土壤的有机质年均增加5%~20%;全N年增加7%~40%,全P年增加8%~70%,全K年增加15%~80%;全垦种植的土地水土流失严重,土壤侵蚀和地表径流第1年平均达1 415.2 t·hm-2和790.7 m3·hm-2;水土保持最好的是马铃薯+毛豆,其次为油菜+花生、马铃薯+西瓜、小麦;土壤平均侵蚀量和地表径流量与对照相比分别降低44.19%、38.24%、39.52%、37.56%和22.40%、9.28%、24.11%、21.16%.4种模式中油菜+花生生物量最高,年均达100 276 kg·hm-2,其次是马铃薯+西瓜,年均达73 692 kg·hm-2;生产力最高的是马铃薯+西瓜,年均达37 565 kg·hm-2,其次是马铃薯+毛豆,年均达25 934 kg·hm-2;投能效率最高的是油菜+花生,年均达到2.96.其次为马铃薯+西瓜、马铃薯+毛豆、小麦,分别为2.08、2.01、0.96.同时,有机、无机能输入效应表明,以生物能为主源输入进行转化利用太阳光能和水土资源,维护了果园生态系统的能量盈余,生态效益较高.

关键词: 土壤-植物系统, 重金属, 有机污染物, 复合污染

Abstract: The study on the ecological effects of intercrops in four cropping patterns showed that with the increase of multiple cropping,the annual increase of soil organic matter,total N,total P and total K was 5%~20%,7%~40%,8%~70% and 15%~80%,respectively. Potato-soybean had the best benefit in soil and water conservation,followed by cole?peanut,potato?watermelon,and wheat. Compared with control,the average soil erosion module and runoff amount of 4 patterns were decreased by 44.19%,39.55%,38.24% and 37.56%,and 22.40%,9.28%,24.11% and 21.16%,respectively. Cole-peanut had the highest biomass,being averaged 100 276 kg·hm-2 annually,and the second was potato-watermelon,with an average of 73 692 kg·hm-2. Potato-watermelon had the highest productivity,which averaged 37 565 kg·hm-2 annually,and the second was potato-soybean,averaged 25 934 kg·hm-2. The efficiency of energy input was in order of cole-peanut,potato-watermelon,potato-soybean,and wheat,and the value was 2.96,2.08,2.01 and 0.96,respectively.

Key words: Soil-plant system, Heavy metal, Organic pollutant, Combined pollution