氮肥施用对冬小麦产量、品质和氮素表观损失的影响研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (11): 2071-2075.

氮肥施用对冬小麦产量、品质和氮素表观损失的影响研究

崔振岭¹, 石立委², 徐久飞², 李俊良², 张福锁¹, 陈新平^!

1. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100094;
2. 莱阳农学院农学系, 莱阳 265200

收稿日期:2004-11-30 修回日期:2005-03-25 出版日期:2005-11-15 发布日期:2005-11-15
通讯作者: 陈新平
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(30390084,30270772)、国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999011808)和国家"十五"科学技术攻关重大专项资助项目(2002BA516A02).

Effects of N fertilization on winter wheat grain yield and its crude protein content and apparent N losses

CUI Zhenling¹, SHI Liwei², XU Jiufei², LI Junliang², ZHANG Fusuo¹, CHEN Xinping ^!

1. College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;
2. Department of Agronomy, Laiyang College of Agronomy, Laiyang 265200, China

Received:2004-11-30 Revised:2005-03-25 Online:2005-11-15 Published:2005-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间小区试验,对施用氮肥造成的冬小麦产量、品质和环境效应进行了研究.结果表明,4个试验点最高产量施N量分别为0、0、79和118 kg·hm^-2,最高籽粒粗蛋白质含量施N量分别为122、100、127和174kg·hm^-2,小麦收获后0～90 cm土壤剖面硝态氮残留量随施N量的增加呈极显著线性增加,而N表观损失则呈指数增加.在最高产量施N量条件下,小麦收获后0～90 cm土层硝态氮残留保持86～11 kg·hm^-2,N表观损失为2～32 kg·hm^-2,低于最高籽粒粗蛋白含量施N量时的土壤剖面硝态氮残留量(106～168 kg·hm^-2)和N表观损失量(14～6kg·hm^-2).综合考虑冬小麦产量、品质和环境安全,最高产量施N和氮肥施用的环境效应可以通过优化施N进行协调.

关键词: 优化氮肥管理, 土壤硝态氮残留, N表观损失, 粗蛋白含量

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at four sites in 2002 to study the effects of N fertilization on winter wheat yield and its crude protein content and apparent N losses.The results showed that at these sites,the N application rate for maximum grain yield was 0,0,79 and 118 kg·hm^-2,and that for maximum grain crude protein content was 122,100,127 and 174 kg·hm^-2,respectively.The residual nitrate-N content in 0～90 cm soil layer after harvest was linearly increased,while the apparent N losses during wheat growth season was exponentially increased with increasing N application rate.Under the N application rate for maximum yield,soil residual nitrate-N content ranged from 86 to 115 kg·hm^-2 and apparent N losses ranged from² to 32 kg·hm^-2,which were much lower than the residual nitrate-N content(106～168 kg·hm^-2)and apparent N losses(14～56 kg·hm^-2)when the maximum grain crude protein content was achieved.The results showed that the maximum wheat grain yield and the environment effects of N fertilization could be harmonized by an optimized N application rate,but,if considering the importance of wheat grain protein,more research in the future should be needed.

Key words: Optimized N management, Soil nitrate-N content, Apparent N losses, Crude protein content

中图分类号:

S143.1

崔振岭, 石立委, 徐久飞, 李俊良, 张福锁, 陈新平. 氮肥施用对冬小麦产量、品质和氮素表观损失的影响研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(11): 2071-2075.

CUI Zhenling, SHI Liwei, XU Jiufei, LI Junliang, ZHANG Fusuo, CHEN Xinping . Effects of N fertilization on winter wheat grain yield and its crude protein content and apparent N losses[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(11): 2071-2075.

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