镉污染对水稻土微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (11): 2162-2167.

镉污染对水稻土微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响

曾路生¹, 廖敏¹, 黄昌勇¹, 罗运阔²

1. 浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系, 杭州 310029;
2. 江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院, 南昌 330045

收稿日期:2005-01-20 修回日期:2005-06-22 出版日期:2005-11-15 发布日期:2005-11-15
通讯作者: 廖敏
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40201026,40371063)和国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2002CB410804).

Effects of Cd contamination on paddy soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities and rice physiological indices

ZENG Lusheng¹, LIAO Min¹, HUANG Changyong¹, LUO Yunkuo ²

1. Department of Resources Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;
2. College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China

Received:2005-01-20 Revised:2005-06-22 Online:2005-11-15 Published:2005-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水稻盆栽条件下,研究了外源Cd不同处理对土壤微生物学指标、土壤酶活性及部分水稻生理指标的影响.结果表明,土壤微生物量C和N开始随Cd浓度增加而上升,到一定浓度时则随Cd浓度增加而下降,其转折点因土壤性质有所差异.同时土壤酶活性变化规律与土壤微生物量C、N变化规律相似,但其转折点浓度因土壤类型及土壤酶种类不同而有差异.Cd污染后的变异系数依次为:脱氢酶＞酸性磷酸酶＞脲酶.土壤呼吸作用强度和代谢熵都随Cd浓度增大而缓慢增加.水稻叶绿素含量随Cd处理浓度增加表现出先上升后下降,其转折点受供试土壤性质不同而不同;脯氨酸含量与过氧化物酶活性随着Cd处理浓度增大而增加.Cd污染后水稻生理指标的变异系数在黄松田水稻土中依次为过氧化物酶活性＞叶绿素含量＞脯氨酸含量;黄红壤性水稻土中依次为过氧化物酶活性＞脯氨酸含量＞叶绿素含量.相关分析表明,种植水稻条件下Cd污染对土壤微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响是相辅相成的.

关键词: 水稻土, Cd污染, 土壤微生物量, 土壤酶活性, 水稻生理指标

Abstract: A pot experiment with rice under submerged condition showed that with the increase of Cd concentration,soil microbial biomass carbon(C_mic)and nitrogen(N_mic) increased initially but decreased at a certain concentration,and the turning points varied with different soil types.Soil enzyme activities had the similar variation trend with soil C_mic and N_mic,and the turning points varied with different soil types and soil enzymes.The variation coefficients were in order of dehydrogenase activity>acid phosphatase activity>urease activity.Soil respiration rate and metabolic quotient increased tardily with increasing cadmium concentration.The chlorophyll content of rice increased initially but decreased then with the increase of Cd contamination,and the turning points differed with different soil types.Rice proline content and peroxidase activity were enhanced gradually with increasing cadmium concentration.The variation coefficients of rice physiological indices on paddy soils derived from silty loam and clayed red earth were in order of peroxidase activity>chlorophyll content>proline content,and peroxidase activity>proline content>chlorophyll content,respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that there was a close correlation between the variations of soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities and rice physiological indices under Cd contamination.

Key words: Paddy soil, Cd contamination, Soil microbial biomass, Soil enzymatic activity, Rice physiological indices

中图分类号:

X171.5

曾路生, 廖敏, 黄昌勇, 罗运阔. 镉污染对水稻土微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(11): 2162-2167.

ZENG Lusheng, LIAO Min, HUANG Changyong, LUO Yunkuo . Effects of Cd contamination on paddy soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities and rice physiological indices[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(11): 2162-2167.

参考文献

[1] Alvarez R, Diaz RA, Barbero N, et al. 1995. Soil organic carbon,microbial biomass and CO₂-C production from three tillage systems.Soil Tillage Res, 33:17 ～ 28
[2] Aoyama M, Nagumo T. 1996. Factors affecting microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in apple orchard soils with heavy metal accumulation. Sol Sci Plant Nutr, 42:821 ～ 831
[3] Brookes PC, Landman A, Pruden G. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid extraction method to measure microbial biomazs nitrogen in soil. Soil Biol Biochem, 17(6):837 ～ 842
[4] Chander K, Brookes PC. 1995. Microbial biomass dynamics following addition of metal enriched sewage sludge to a sandy loam. Soil Biol Biochem, 27:1409～ 1421
[5] Chen H-M(陈怀满).1996.Heavy Metal Contamination in SoilPlant System.Beijing:Science Press.112～189(in Chinese)
[6] Chen S-H(陈素华),Sun T-H(孙铁珩),Zhou Q-X(周启星).2002.Interaction between microorganisms and heavy metals and its application.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(2):239～242(in Chinese)
[7] Chien HF, Kao CH. 2000. Accumulation of ammonium in rice leaves in response to excess cadmium. Plant Sci, 156:111 ～ 115
[8] Guan S-Y(关松荫). 1987. Soil Enzyme and Its Research Methods.Beijing:Agricultural Press. 274～339(in Chinese)
[9] Huang C-Y(黄昌勇). 2000. Soil Science. Beijing:China Agricultural Press 192～214(in Chinese)
[10] Huang CY, Khan KS, Xie ZM. 1998. Effects of cadmium lead and their interaction on the size of microbial biomass in a red soil. Soil Environ, 1(3) :227～236
[11] Institute of Soil Science,CAS(中国科学院南京土壤研究所).1980.Methods on Soil Physics and Chemistry. Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press. 410～490(in Chinese)
[12] Kang HJ, Freeman C. 1999. Phosphates and arylsulphatese activities in wetland soils:Annual variation and controlling factors. Soil Biol Biochem, 31:449 ～ 454
[13] Lose S, Tabatabai MA. 1999. Urease activity of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol Biochem, 31:205～211
[14] Liao M(廖敏),Huang C-Y(黄昌勇).2002.Microbial biomass affected by cadmium with the occurrence of organic acids in red soil. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(3):300～302(in Chinese)
[15] Long J(龙健),Huang C-Y(黄昌勇),Teng Y(滕应),et al.2003.Microbial eco-characteristics of reclaimed mining wasteland in red soil area of Southern ChinaⅠ.Effects on soil microbial activity.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(11):1925～1928(in Chinese)
[16] Lu L-K (鲁如坤). 1999. Assay on Agro-Chemical Properties of Soil. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press. 74～77(in Chinese)
[17] Marzadori C. 1996. Effects of lead pollution on different soil enzyme activities. Biol Fert Soils, 22:53～ 58
[18] Moreno JL, Hernandez T, Perez A, et al. 2002. Toxicity of cadmium to soil microbial activity:Effect of sewage sludge addition to soil on the ecological dose. Appl Soil Ecol, 21:149～158
[19] Salt DE, Prince RC, Pickering IJ, et al. 1995. Mechanisms of cadmium mobility and accumulation in Indian Mustard. Plant Physiol,109:1427～1443
[20] Scandalios JG. 1993. Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutases.Plant Physiol, 101:7～ 12
[21] Shah K, Kumar RG, Verma S. 2001. Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Sci, 161:1135 ～1144
[22] Tyler G. 1998. Heavy metals in soil biology and biochemistry. In:Paul EA, Ladd JN, eds. Soil Biochmistry. New York:Marcel Dekker.
[23] Van Assche F, Clijsters H. 1990. Effects of metal on enzyme activity in plants. Plant Cell Environ, 13:195～206
[24] Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol Biochem, 19:703～ 707
[25] Xu J-M(徐建民),Huang C-Y(黄昌勇),Elghamry AM,et al.2000.Effect of sulfonylurea herbicides on biological indicators characterizing the soil quality.China Environ Sci(中国环境科学),20(6):491～494(in Chinese)
[26] Yao HY,Xu JM,Huang CY.2003.Substrate utilization pattern,biomass and activity of microbial communities in a sequence of heavy metal-polluted paddy soils.Geoderma,115:139～148
[27] Yu S(俞慎),He Z-L(何振立),Huang C-Y(黄昌勇).2003.Advancein the research of soil microorganisms and their mediated process under heavy metal stress.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(4):618～622(in Chinese)
[28] Zhang X-Z(张宪政).1987.Research Methods on Crop Physiology.Beijing:Agricultural Press.274～339(in Chinese)