阔叶红松林林隙结构与树种多样性关系研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对阔叶红松林林隙与林下不同层次树种多样性进行比较,探讨林隙大小及发育阶段与树种多样性间的关系.结果表明,林隙与林下树种多样性存在显著差异(P<0.01).与林下相比,林隙更新层树种多样性、丰富度和均匀度增大,生态优势度减小(P<0.01);演替层树种多样性、丰富度和均匀度减小,生态优势度增大(P<0.0001).林隙中不同层次树种多样性随着林隙大小呈现出相反的变化趋势.长白山阔叶红松林林隙演替层树种多样性和丰富度总体上呈单峰形变化,中等大小林隙(100～20 m²)中树种多样性和丰富度较高,生态优势度较小.而更新层树种多样性和均匀度在≥20 m²和<100 m²的林隙中最大,在200～20 m²的林隙中最小;生态优势度在200～20 m²的林隙中达到最大.更新层和演替层树种对林隙面积大小反应不同,有利于更新层幼苗建立的林隙面积并不是演替层幼树发育和成活的最适面积;随林隙年龄的增加,更新层和演替层树种多样性在不同层次上呈互补关系.

关键词: 林隙更新, 阔叶红松林, 树种多样性, 林隙结构, 林分动态

Abstract: This paper studied the regeneration of tree species in the gaps of broad-leaved Korean pine forest,with the tree diversity in gaps and under closed canopy compared,and the relationship between biodiversity and gap structure analyzed.The results indicated that there was a significant difference between tree species diversity in gaps and under canopy (P<0.01).In regeneration layer,the biodiversity in terms of Shannon-Wiener,evenness,and abundance indices was higher in gap community than under forest canopy,while the dominance of certain species in terms of Simpson's dominance index was increased from gaps to closed canopy (P<0.01).The biodiversity of succession layer in gaps and under closed canopy had an opposite trend.Tree species diversity of different layers reacted differently to the change of gap size class,e.g.,Shannon-Wiener and abundance indices were higher,but Simpson's dominance index was the lowest in the succession layer of medium-size gap(100～250 m²) in broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain.The Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index reached the highest in the size of ≥250 m² and <100 m²,and reached the lowest in the size of 200～250 m² in regeneration layer.Simpson's dominance index reached the highest in the size of 200～250 m².On the whole,tree species of different layers reacted differently to the change of gap size class,and the gap size class with more seedlings was not corresponding to the size class containing more medium-size trees.With gaps aging,tree diversity indices in the two layers behaved reciprocally.

Key words: Gap regeneration, Mixed-broad-leaved Korean pine forests, Tree diversity, Gap structure, Stand dynamics

中图分类号:

S718

赵秀海, 张春雨, 郑景明. 阔叶红松林林隙结构与树种多样性关系研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(12): 2236-2240.

ZHAO Xiuhai, ZHANG Chunyu, ZHENG Jingming . Correlation between gap structure and tree diversity of mixed-broad-leaved Korean pine forests in northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(12): 2236-2240.

参考文献

[1]Aguilera MO,Lauenroth WK.1993.Seedling establishment in adult neighbourhoods-intraspecific constrains in the regeneration of the bunchgrass Bouteloua gracilis.J Ecol,81:253～261
[2]Bianba D-J(边巴多吉),Guo Q-S(郭泉水),Ci B(次柏).2004.Effects of gap in primitive subalpine fir forest on diversity of herb and shrub in Tibet.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),15(2):191～194(in Chinese)
[3]Eugune WS,Henry FH,Carol KA,et al.1989.Arrival and survival in tropical treefall gaps.Ecology,70(3):562～564
[4]Geng Y-Q(耿玉清),Shan H-C(单宏臣),Tan X(谭笑),et al.2002.Studies on soil in forest gap in artificial needle forest.J Beijing For Univ(北京林业大学学报),24(4):16～19(in Chinese)
[5]He G-S(何国生),Lin S-Z(林思祖),Cao Z-L(曹子林),et al.2004.A comparing study on the tree species diversities of gaps in natural evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mountain Wuyi.Chin J Eco-Agric(中国生态农业学报),12(1):70～73(in Chinese)
[6]Hutinik RJ.1952.Reproduction in wind-falls in a northern hardwood stand.J For,50:693～694
[7]Kneeshaw DD.1998.Canopy gap characteristic and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest.J Ecol,79:783～794
[8]Luo D-Q(罗大庆),Guo Q-S(郭泉水),Xue H-Y(薛会英),et al.2002.A research of gap regeneration of virgin fie forest in Mount Sjila in Tibet.For Res(林业科学研究),15(5):564～569(in Chinese)
[9]Liu J-F(刘金福),Hong W(洪伟),Li J-Q(李俊清).2003.Gap edge effect of Castanopsis kawakamii community.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(9):1421～1426(in Chinese)
[10]Liu Q(刘庆),Wu Y(吴彦).2002.A preliminary study on the size of forest gap and regeneration in Dianxibei.Chin J Appl Environ Biol(应用与环境生物学报),8(5):453～459(in Chinese)
[11]Long C-L(龙翠玲),Yu S-X(余世孝),Xiong Z-B(熊志斌).2005.Species diversity and regeneration in forest gaps of the Karst forest in Maolan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou Province.Biodiv Sci(生物多样性),13(1):43～50(in Chinese)
[12]Morgan JW.1998.Importance of canopy gaps for recruitment of some forbs in Themeda triandra-dominated grasslands in south-eastern Australia.Aust J Bot,46:609～627
[13]Miguel MR,Elena AB,Jose S.1989.Tree demography and gap dynamics in a tropical rain forest.Ecology,70(3):555～558
[14]Peng S-L(彭少麟).1987.Ecological dominance of forestry communityin subtropics of Guangdong.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),7(1):36～42(in Chinese)
[15]Platt WJ,Stong DR.1989.Special feature-gaps in canopy ecology.Ecology,70:11
[16]Qi D-H(齐代华),Li X-G(李旭光),Wanag Z-P(王周平),et al.2001.Preliminary research on species diversity change of the regeneration layer in gap gradient in a coniferous-broad-leaved forest in Jinyun Mountain.Biodiv Sci(生物多样性),9(1):51～55(in Chinese)
[17]Runkle JR.1990.Gap dynamics in an Ohio Acer-Fagus forest and speculations on the geography of disturbance.Can J For Res,20:632～641
[18]Schupp EW.1995.Seed-seedling conflicts,habitat choice,and patterns of plant recruitment.Am J Bot,82:399～409
[19]Sebastio VM,Ricardo RR.2002.Gap-phase regeneration in a semideciduous mesophytic forest south-eastern Brazil.Plant Ecol,165:1～12
[20]Sha L-Q (沙丽清),Cao M (曹敏).1999.Studies on soil fertility in forest gap and understorey in tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna.J Northeast For Univ(东北林业大学学报),27(6):78～80(in Chinese)
[21]Thomas AS and Jerry FF.1989.Gap characteristics and vegetation response in coniferous forests of the patch northwest.Ecology,70(3):543～545
[22]Wang Z-P(王周平),Li X-G(李旭光),Shi S-Y(石胜友),et al.2003.A comparison study on the species diversity between the gap and non-gap in Jinyun Mountain.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(1):7～10(in Chinese)
[23]Ye W-H(叶万辉).2000.The maintenance mechanism of plant community and its species diversity.Chin Biodiv(生物多样性),8(1) :17～24(in Chinese)
[24]Zang R-G(臧润国),Liu J-F(刘静芳),Dong D-F(董大方).1999.Gap Dynamics and Forest Diversity.Beijing:China Forestry Press.4～112(in Chinese)
[25]Zang R-G(臧润国),Wang B-X(王伯荪),Liu J-Y(刘静艳).2000.Tree species diversity in gaps of different sizes and developmental stages in lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,South China.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(4):485～488(in Chinese)
[26]Zang R-G(臧润国),Jiang Y-X(蒋有绪),Yu S-X(余世孝).2002.The forest cycle and tree species diversity dynamics in a tropical Montane Rain forest of Hainan Island,South China.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),22(1):24～32(in Chinese)
[27]Zang R-G(臧润国),Xu H-C(徐化成).1999.Canopy disturbance regimes and gap regeneration in a Korena Pine-broadleaved forest in Jiaohe,Northeast China.Bull Bot Res(植物研究),19(2):232～240(in Chinese)
[28]Zhang Y-P(张一平),Liu Y-H(刘玉洪),Ma Y-X(马友鑫),et al.2001.The spatial characteristics of air temperature in canopy gap in a tropic secondary forest in Xishuangbanna.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(2):211～215(in Chinese)
[29]Zhang Y-P(张一平),Wang J-X(王进欣),Liu Y-H(刘玉洪),et al.2001.Analysis on characteristics of the spatial variation of average air temperature in tropical secondary forest canopy gap.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),20(2):1～4(in Chinese)
[30]Zhu X-L(朱小龙),Li Z-J(李振基).2002.A preliminary study on tree species regeneration in subtropics rain forest in Nanjing and Xinan.J Xiamen Univ(Nat Sci)(厦门大学学报·自然科学版),41(5):589～595(in Chinese)