镉在黑土和棕壤中吸附行为比较研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (12): 2403-2408.

镉在黑土和棕壤中吸附行为比较研究

郭观林, 周启星

1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态过程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;2.中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039

收稿日期:2005-04-14 修回日期:2005-07-01 出版日期:2005-12-15 发布日期:2005-12-15
通讯作者: 周启星,E-mail:Zhouqixing2003@yahoo.com
基金资助:
国家杰出青年科学基金项目(20225722)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(20337010)和国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2004CB418503).

Adsorption behavior of cadmium in phaeozem and burozem

GUO Guanlin, ZHOU Qixing

1. Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016;
2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2005-04-14 Revised:2005-07-01 Online:2005-12-15 Published:2005-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 比较研究了重金属镉在黑土和棕壤中的吸附热力学和动力学行为.结果表明,在实验设定的浓度范围内,黑土和棕壤对Cd²⁺吸附量随溶液中Cd²⁺浓度的增加而增加.黑土对Cd²⁺的吸附固定能力明显强于棕壤.在平衡液浓度为20 mg·kg^-1时,黑土对Cd²⁺的吸附量为1 485.2 mg·kg^-1、棕壤为700.6 mg·kg^-1.两种土壤对Cd²⁺的吸附等温线与Langmuir、Freundlich和Henry方程均有较好的拟合性,而Temkin方程不适合用来描述Cd²⁺在两种土壤中的等温吸附.根据Langmuir的拟合结果,Cd²⁺在黑土和棕壤中的最大吸附量分别可达5 939.3和2 790 mg·kg^-1.黑土较高的吸附能力与其高的有机质含量和粘粒含量有关.黑土和棕壤中Cd²⁺的吸附是一个快速反应过程,2 min内能达到平衡吸附量的90%,15～30 min左右达到吸附平衡.一级动力学方程是拟合Cd²⁺在黑土和棕壤中吸附动力学过程的最优方程,其次为Elovich方程和双常数方程.随着初始浓度的增加,Cd²⁺在土壤中的吸附速率也不断增大.随着吸附量的增大和反应时间的延长,吸附速率不断下降.在较低的初始浓度下,Cd²⁺在黑土中的下降趋势要快于棕壤.

关键词: 镉, 黑土, 棕壤, 吸附反应, 热力学, 化学动力学

Abstract: The study on the thermodynamics and kinetics of Cd²⁺ adsorption in phaeozem and burozem showed that within the test range,Cd²⁺ adsorption was increased with its increasing initial concentration,and phaeozem had a much higher Cd²⁺ adsorption capacity than burozem.When the Cd²⁺ concentration in adsorption equilibrium was 20 mg·kg^-1,the amount of adsorbed Cd²⁺ was 1 485.2 mg·kg^-1 in phaeozem,but 700.6 mg·kg^-1 in burozem.The adsorption isotherm of Cd²⁺ in the two soils could significantly conform to Langmuir,Freundlich and Henry equations,while Temkin equation was not applicable to describe the isothermal adsorption process of Cd²⁺ in phaeozem and burozem.The maximum adsorption of Cd²⁺ in phaeozem and burozem was 5 939.3 and 2 790 mg·kg^-1,respectively,according to Langmuir formulation.The Cd²⁺ adsorption in test soils was a rapid reaction,with 90% of Cd²⁺ adsorption in the first 2 min and reached equilibrium in 15～30 min.First-order dynamic equation was the optimal model to describe the kinetics of Cd²⁺ adsorption,while the other models in point were Elovich and Two-constant equations.The adsorption rate of Cd²⁺ in test soils was increased with its increasing initial concentration,but decreased with its increasing adsorbed amount.Under low concentrations of Cd²⁺,the decrease of its adsorption rate with time was more quickly in phaeozem than in burozem.

Key words: Cadmium, Phaeozem, Burozem, Adsorption reaction, Thermodynamics, Chemical kinetics

中图分类号:

X131.3

郭观林, 周启星. 镉在黑土和棕壤中吸附行为比较研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(12): 2403-2408.

GUO Guanlin, ZHOU Qixing . Adsorption behavior of cadmium in phaeozem and burozem[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(12): 2403-2408.

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