湖滨带退化生态系统的恢复与重建

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 360-364.

湖滨带退化生态系统的恢复与重建

颜昌宙^1,2, 金相灿², 赵景柱¹, 叶春², 王中琼²

1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室, 北京, 100085;
2. 中国环境科学研究院湖泊生态环境创新基地, 北京, 100012

收稿日期:2004-07-16 修回日期:2004-10-06 出版日期:2005-02-15 发布日期:2005-02-15
通讯作者: 金相灿
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB412307)、中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX3-SW-423)和国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(70325002).

Ecological restoration and reconstruction of degraded lakeside zone ecosystem

YAN Changzhou^1,2, JIN Xiangcan², ZHAO Jingzhu¹, YE Chun², WANG Zhongqiong ²

1. Key Laboratory of System Ecology, Research Center of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2. Research Center of Lake Eco-Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2004-07-16 Revised:2004-10-06 Online:2005-02-15 Published:2005-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 湖滨带是水陆生态交错带的一种类型,在湖泊流域生态系统中发挥着重要作用,具有较高的生态、社会和经济价值.湖滨带的功能包括:缓冲带功能、保持生物多样性及生境保护功能、护岸功能和经济美学价值.湖滨带退化的原因主要是人为因素引起的生物群落结构的逆向演替及生态功能下降,退化湖滨带生态恢复与重建的理论基础是恢复生态学,其生态恢复技术可划分为三大类:湖滨带生境恢复与重建技术、湖滨带生物恢复与重建技术、湖滨带生态系统结构与功能恢复技术.云南洱海湖滨带近3年的生态恢复与重建试验的生态调查结果表明,试验区水生植被得到恢复,水质净化作用明显,藻类得到抑制,浮游动物的构成和数量发生变化,湖滨带湿地生态系统的生物多样性和稳定性增加.

关键词: 湖滨带, 生态恢复与重建, 生态功能, 退化生态系统

Abstract: As a kind of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone,lakeside zone plays an important role in the lake basin ecosystem,and has high ecological,social and economic values.Its functions include lake buffer,conservation of biological diversities and special habitats,dike protection from soil erosion,and economic and esthetics values.The main factors inducing lakeside zone degradation are the anthropogenic activities that caused the converse succession of communities and the decline of ecological function.The theoretical basis of ecological restoration and reconstruction of degraded lakeside zone is restoration ecology; while the technologies are of three types,i.e.,habitat restoration and reconstruction,species restoration and reconstruction,and structural and functional restoration.A three-year case study on the ecosystem restoration and reconstruction of degraded lakeside zone of Erhai Lake in Yunnan Province showed that the aquatic macrophytes were restored,purifying function was distinct,algae were restrained,and the component and individuals of zooplankton were changed.In a word,the biological diversity and stability in the degraded lakeside-zone ecosystem increased after the restoration and reconstruction.

Key words: Lakeside zone, Ecological restoration and reconstruction, Ecological function, Degraded ecosystem

中图分类号:

X171.4

颜昌宙, 金相灿, 赵景柱, 叶春, 王中琼. 湖滨带退化生态系统的恢复与重建[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(2): 360-364.

YAN Changzhou, JIN Xiangcan, ZHAO Jingzhu, YE Chun, WANG Zhongqiong . Ecological restoration and reconstruction of degraded lakeside zone ecosystem[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(2): 360-364.

参考文献

[1] Bern LJ. 1998. The geometry of a constant buffer loading design method for humid watersheds. For Ecol Man, 110:113～125
[2] Chen J-Q (陈吉泉). 1996. Riparian vegetation characteristic and their functions in ecosystems and landscapes. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 7(4):439～448(in Chinese)
[3] Deng H-B(邓红兵), Wang Q-L(王庆礼), Cai Q-H(蔡庆华).1998. Watershed ecology-New discipline, idea and approach. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 9(4):443～449(in Chinese)
[4] Deng H-B(邓红兵), Wang Q-C(王青春), Wang Q-L(王庆礼), et al. 2001. On riparian forest buffers and riparian management. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 12(6):951～954(in Chinese)
[5] Ellenberg H. 1988. Vegetation ecology of central Europe. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 32～76
[6] Franklin JF. 1992. Scientific basis for new perspectives in forests and streams. In:Naiman RJ, ed. Watershed Management:Balancing Sustainability and Environmental Change. New York:Springer-Verlag. 25～72
[7] Gregory SV, Swanson FJ, McKee WA, et al. 1991. An ecosystem perspective of riparian zone. Bioscience, 41:540～551
[8] Jiang M-X(江明喜), Deng H-B(邓红兵), Cai Q-H(蔡庆华).2002. Distribution pattern of rare plants along riparian zone and its implication for conservation in Shennongjia area. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13(11):1373～1376(in Chinese)
[9] Jin X-C(金相灿), Shang Y-M(尚榆民). 2003. Research on ecological restoration technologies of Chinese Erhai lakeside-zone. In:Bai J-K(白中科), ed. Researches on Sciences of Dali Erhai Lake. Beijing:Nation Press. 327～334 (in Chinese)
[10] Jin X-C(金相灿), Shang Y-M(尚榆民), Xu N-N(徐南妮), eds.2001. Technologies of Lake Eutrophication Control and Management. Beijing:Chemistry Industry Press. 147～153(in Chinese)
[11] Kauffman T. 1995. Ecological approaches to riparian restoration in northeast Oregon. Rest Man Notes, 13:12～15
[12] Lu H-W(卢宏玮),Zeng G-M(曾光明),Jin X-C(金相灿), et al.2003. Theories, technologies and application of ecological restoration and reconstruction on aquatic-terrestrial ecotone. Urban Environ Urban Ecol (城环境与城市生态), 16(6):91～93(in Chinese)
[13] Miller W. 1998. An approach for greenway suitability analysis.Landscape Urban Plan, 42:91～105
[14] Naiman RJ, Decamps H, Pollock M. 1993. The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecology, 3:209～212
[15] National Research Council. 1992. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems. Washington DC:Nat Acad Press. 552
[16] Nilsson C. 1992. Conservation management of riparian communities. In:Hansen L, ed. Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation.London:Elsevier Applied Science. 352～372
[17] Pan W-B(潘文斌),Tang T(唐涛),Deng H-B(邓红兵), et al.2002. Lake ecosystem services and their ecological valuation-A case study of Baoan Lake in Hubei Province. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13(10):1315～1318(in Chinese)
[18] Peng S-L(彭少麟).2001.The restoration of degraded ecosystems and restoration ecology. Chin Basic Sci (中国基础科学), (3):18～24(in Chinese)
[19] Peng S L(彭少麟),Ren H(任海),Zhang Q-M(张倩媚).2003.Theories and techniques of degraded wetland ecosystem restoration.Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 14(11):2026～2030(in Chinese)
[20] Xu P-Z(许朋柱), Qin B-Q(秦伯强). 2002. Degeneration of ecosystem of lakeside zone around Taihu Lake and planning for its rehabilitation. Water Resour Prot (水资源保护), (3):31～36 (in Chinese)
[21] Wheeler BD, Shaw SC, Fojt WJ. 1995. Restoration of Temperate Wetland. Chichester:John Wiley & Sons. 12～87
[22] Yan C-Z(颜昌宙),YeC(叶春),Liu W-X(刘文祥).2003.Study on eco-reconstruction program for aquatic-terrestrial ecotone of Lake Erhai in Yunnan Province. Shanghai Environ Sci (上海环境科学), 22(7):459～464(in Chinese)
[23] Yan C-Z(颜昌宙), Xu Q-J(许秋瑾), Zhao J-Z(赵景柱). 2004.Study on the key factors and countermeasures of eco-reconstruction in Lake Wuli. Res Environ Sci(环境科学研究), 17(3):44～47(in Chinese)
[24] Ye C(叶春),Jin X-C(金相灿).2003. Research on ecological restoration engineering modes of Yunnan Erhai lakeside-zone. In:Bai J-K(白中科), ed. Researches on Sciences of Dali Erhai Lake.Beijing:Nation Press. 335～344(in Chinese)
[25] Yin C-Q(尹澄清). 1995. Ecological function of inland aquatic-terrestrial ecotone and foreground of its protection and exploitation.Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 15(3):331～335(in Chinese)
[26] Yu Z-Y(余作岳), Peng S-L(彭少麟). 1997. Ecological Studies on Vegetation Rehabilitation of Tropical and Subtropical Degradation Ecosystem. Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press.10～30(in Chinese)
[27] Zhang J-C(张建春), Peng B-Z(彭补拙). 2002. A study on riparian area and its ecological rehabilitation. Geog Res (地理研究), 21 (3):373～383 (in Chinese)
[28] Zhang Q-B(张晴波). 2002. Research on foundation base rehabilitation scheme of Yunnan Erhai Sea lakefront ecological restoration project. Port Waterway Eng(水运工程), 10:45～47(in Chinese)
[29] Zhang Y-Z(张永泽), Wang X(王烜). 2001. A review of ecological restoration studies on natural wetland. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 21(2):309～314(in Chinese)
[30] Zhong G-P (钟功甫). 1987. Fish Pond System in the Pearl River Delta. Beijing:Science Press. (in Chinese)