厦门大嶝岛海域贝类的养殖容量

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对厦门大嶝岛海域叶绿素a、初级生产力、浮游植物有机碳含量、潮下带、潮间带和吊养区非养殖滤食性动物生产量、养殖贝类的滤水率、有机碳含量和贝类含壳重与鲜组织重的比值等模型参数的调查测定和检测分析,采用营养动态模型和沿岸海域能流分析模型估算该海域贝类生态容量,进而扣除野生滤食性动物生产量,估算贝类养殖容量;同时应用方建光模型估算贝类的养殖容量;采用统计分析法估算贝类及其各养殖品种的适养殖面积,以控制该海域贝类的养殖量和对各种贝类养殖量进行优化配置.结果表明,3种模型估算的贝类养殖容量为35248～39990t(平均37488t),140008～158850×10⁴个(平均148903×10⁴个);适养面积2145hm²,其中牡蛎1900hm²、缢蛏81hm²、泥蚶20hm²、凸壳肌蛤144hm².2000年贝类及其各养殖品种的养殖面积已超过了估算的适宜养殖面积,应予以削减.

关键词: 贝类, 养殖容量, 适养面积, 厦门大嶝岛海域

Abstract: To fully and rationally exploit local living marine resources while have a sustainable,efficient and healthy development of shellfish culture in the Dadeng Island sea area of Xiamen,this paper determined and analyzed the related model parameters of this area,including chlorophyll a,primary productivity,phytoplankton organic carbon content,wild filter feeder yields in subtidal and intertidal zones and suspension culture area,cultured shellfish filtration rate and organic carbon content,shellfish's total weight to fresh meat ratio,and adopted the Nutrient Dynamic Model and Coastal Waters' Energy Flow Analysis Model to estimate the ecological capacity of shellfish in this area,from which,the wild filter feeder yields were deducted for estimating shellfish carrying capacity.The model established by Fang Jianguang was also used to estimate the shellfish carrying capacity.Statistics analysis was used to estimate the suitable culture area of shellfish and other species,aiming at limiting local shellfish culture and optimizing the culture of various species mollusks.According to the estimation of the three models,the shellfish carrying capacity in this area should be 35 248～39 990 tons,with an average of 37 488 tons,and 140 008×10⁴～158 850×10⁴ individuals,averaging 148 903×10⁴.The theoretically suitable culture area was 2 145 hm²,1 900 hm² for Ostreidae,81 hm² for razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta),20 hm² for blood clam (Tegillarca granosa),and 144 hm² for musculus (Musculus senhousei).In 2000,the actual culture area of shellfish and other species in the waters around Dadeng surpassed the estimated suitable culture area.It is proposed that some measures should be taken to reduce the overexploited area.

Key words: Shellfish, Carrying capacity, Suitable culture area, Dadeng Island sea area

中图分类号:

Q178.53

卢振彬, 杜琦, 方民杰, 钱小明, 蔡清海, 许翠娅. 厦门大嶝岛海域贝类的养殖容量[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(5): 961-966.

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