昼间亚高温对日光温室番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (6): 1051-1055.

昼间亚高温对日光温室番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响

张洁, 李天来, 徐晶

沈阳农业大学园艺学院, 辽宁省设施园艺重点实验室, 沈阳 110161

收稿日期:2004-04-22 修回日期:2004-10-18 出版日期:2005-06-15 发布日期:2005-06-15
通讯作者: 李天来
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(30170640)和辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(20022080).

Effects of daytime sub-high temperature on greenhouse tomato growth,development,yield and quality

ZHANG Jie, LI Tianlai, XU Jing

Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China

Received:2004-04-22 Revised:2004-10-18 Online:2005-06-15 Published:2005-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对日光温室番茄生产中常出现的昼间温度偏高而带来的危害,以昼间适宜温度25℃为对照,在番茄第1花序开花后对其进行昼间30和35℃的温度处理,研究昼间亚高温对番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响.结果表明,与25℃适宜昼温相比,在3d短期35℃昼间亚高温处理下,番茄植株相对生长速率极显著提高,但在7d以上长期35℃昼间亚高温处理下,番茄植株徒长,叶片变薄,并出现早衰现象;同时经35℃亚高温处理,番茄果实前期发育加快,成熟期提前,但果实空洞现象增加,糖酸比下降,平均单果重下降,总产量显著降低,第3花序各处理间差异最明显,第2花序次之.昼间30℃温度处理的结果介于昼间25和35℃处理之间,说明番茄植株长期生长在被认为是其生长发育适宜温度上限的35℃条件下,也会严重影响其正常生长发育,而且从花芽分化到果实成熟亚高温持续时间越长,番茄果实产量越低,品质越差.

关键词: 番茄亚高温生长, 发育, 产量品质

Abstract: The study on the effects of daytime sub-high temperature (30 and 35 ℃) in spring and autumn on the growth,development,yield and quality of greenhouse tomato in northeast China showed that compared with the plant growing under feasible temperature 25 ℃,three days' daytime sub-high temperature increased the relative growth significantly,and made the plant spindling.Seven days or more sub-high temperature made the plant grow fast,with thinner leaves and presenility.Under sub-high temperature,the harvest time was earlier,the fruit weight and the 2nd and 3rd inflorescence lessened,the quality of fruit decreased,and the yield decreased significantly.Sub-high temperature had a strong influence on the normal growth and development of greenhouse tomato.The longer the plant suffered sub-high temperature from flower bud differentiation to fruit maturing,the worse the fruit quality,and the lower the yield would be.

Key words: Tomato, Sub-high temperature, Growth, Development, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

S641.2

张洁, 李天来, 徐晶. 昼间亚高温对日光温室番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(6): 1051-1055.

ZHANG Jie, LI Tianlai, XU Jing . Effects of daytime sub-high temperature on greenhouse tomato growth,development,yield and quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(6): 1051-1055.

参考文献

[1] Berry J, Bjorkman O. 1980. Photosynthetic response and adaptation to temperature in higher plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol, 31:491～543
[2] Guo J-H(郭建平),Gao S-H(高世红).2002.The experimental study inimpacts of hightemperature and high CO₂ concentration on crops.Chin JEco-Agric(中国生态农业学报),10(1):17～20(in Chinese)
[3] Guo Y(郭泳),Li T-L(李天来).1998.Effect of environment factors on photosynthetic rate of tomato single leaf.J Shenyang Agric Univ(沈阳农业大学学报),29(2):127～131(in Chinese)
[4] Han X-B(韩笑冰),Li R-Q(利容千),Wang J-B(王建波),et al.1996.Effect of heat stress on pollen development and pollen viability ofpepper.Acta Hort Sin(园艺学报),23(4):359～364(in Chinese)
[5] Herrero MP, Johson RR. 1980. High temperature stress and pollen viability of maize. Crop Sci, 20:796～ 800
[6] Johnson RC, Kanwmasu EF. 1983. Yield and development of winter wheat at elevated temperatures. Agron J, 75: 561 ～ 565
[7] Karim MA, Fracheboud Y, Stamp P. 2000. Effect of high temperature on seedling growth and photosynthesis of tropical maize genotypes. J Agron Crops Sci, 184:217～223
[8] Keeling PL, Banisadr R, Barone L. 1994. Effect of temperature on enzymes in the pathway of starch biosynthesis in developing wheat and maize grain. Aust J Plant Physiol, 21: 807～ 827
[9] Li J-S(李纪锁),Shen H-L(沈火林),Shi Z-Q(石正强).2003.The advance of the research on Lycopene. Chin Veget (中国蔬菜),(1): 58 ～ 60 (in Chinese)
[10] Mitchell JC, Petolino JF. 1988. Heat stress on isolated reproductive organs of maize. J Plant Physiol, 133: 625 ～ 628
[11] Steven J, Michael CB, Salvucci E. 2002. Sensitivity of photosynthesis in C4 plant, maize, to heat stress. Plant Physiol, 129:1773 ～1780
[12] Stone PJ, Nicolas ME. 1995. A survey of the effect of high temperature during grain filling on yield and quality of 75 wheat cultivars.Aust J Agric Res, 46:475～492
[13] Wu H-Y(吴韩英),Shou S-Y(寿森彦),Zhu Z-J(朱祝军), et al.2001. Effect of high temperature stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in sweet pepper (Capsicum fructescens L.). Acta Hortic Sin (园艺学报), 28 (6): 517～ 521 (in Chinese)
[14] Zhai T-L(斋藤隆). 1982. Basic of Tomato physiology. Tokyo:Japanese Agric-Fishery ISOC. (in Japanese)
[15] Zhang F(张放), Zhang L-C(张良成), Li S-Y(李三玉). 1995.Effect of high temperature stress on leaf photosynthesis of Citrus during blossom and young fruit stage. Acta Hortic Sin (园艺学报), 22(1): 11 ～ 15(in Chinese)
[16] Zhang F-M(张福墁). 2000. Protected Horticulture. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press. (in Chinese)
[17] Zou Q(邹琦). 1995. Experimental Instruct of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. (in Chinese)