额济纳天然绿洲景观健康评价

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (6): 1117-1121.

额济纳天然绿洲景观健康评价

曹宇¹, 欧阳华¹, 肖笃宁²

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
2. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2002-10-12 修回日期:2003-02-28 出版日期:2005-06-15 发布日期:2005-06-15
通讯作者: 曹宇,男,1976年生,博士后.主要从事景观生态学、生态系统综合评价等方面的研究.E-mail:caoyu@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(90102004)和国际科技合作重点计划资助项目(2001DFDF0004).

Landscape health assessment on Ejin natural oasis

CAO Yu¹, OUYANG Hua¹, XIAO Duning ²

1. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2002-10-12 Revised:2003-02-28 Online:2005-06-15 Published:2005-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在景观尺度上开展健康评价研究,不但可提供一个将自然生态过程与社会经济价值进行综合研究的基础,而且景观健康概念本身蕴含着在针对资源与环境问题开展研究时更为合适的时间和空间尺度.额济纳天然绿洲位于我国西北干旱内陆河黑河流域下游.近年来,随着黑河中、上游地区下泄地表径流量的减少,绿洲景观退化严重.基于研究区近十几年来的景观演变特征,分别从景观变化指标、生物物理指标、生态环境指标以及社会经济指标4个方面发展并构建了景观健康评价指标体系,制定了评价标准,并分别赋予了各指标相应的权重值,运用综合评判方法,得到了具有动态性、定量性的绿洲景观健康评价结果.结果表明,研究区景观近10多年来总体的景观健康指数为0.3042,健康等级紧邻“濒危的”级别.该结果较为客观、真实地反映了当前额济纳天然绿洲景观的健康状况,说明近10多年来研究区的景观健康状况与较早时期相比趋于恶化,发展态势表现出严重的不可持续性.

关键词: 生态系统健康, 景观健康评价, 指标体系, 综合评判法, 额济纳天然绿洲

Abstract: Landscape scale ecosystem health research could not only provide a basis for integrating natural ecological processes and social economic values,but also provide an appreciated temporal and spatial scale in dealing with the issues of resources and environment.The Ejin natural oasis landscape is at the lower reach of Heihe river basin in the arid inland regions of northwestern China.Owing to the lack of sufficient water resource from the upper reaches of Heihe River,a series of ecological and environmental problems are getting more serious in the oasis in recent years.Based on the past decade landscape change of the Ejin natural oasis,this paper developed a landscape health indicators system including landscape change indicators,bio-physical indicators,eco-environmental indicators and social-economic indicators,and established the criteria and weightiness for assessment indicators.The landscape health index (LHI) was finally figured out as 0.3042 by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,which showed that the health condition of Ejin natural oasis landscape was ranked to "severely ill level" in the landscape health assessment criteria system.The landscape health of Ejin natural oasis landscape today is much worse than in the past years,with a badly unsustainable developing trend.

Key words: Ecosystem health, Landscape health assessment, Index system, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, Ejin natural oasis

中图分类号:

Q149

曹宇, 欧阳华, 肖笃宁. 额济纳天然绿洲景观健康评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(6): 1117-1121.

CAO Yu, OUYANG Hua, XIAO Duning . Landscape health assessment on Ejin natural oasis[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(6): 1117-1121.

参考文献

[1] Bertollo P. 1998. Assessing ecosystem health in governed landscapes: A framework for developing core indicators. Ecosyst Health, 4(1) :33 ～ 51
[2] Bertollo P. 2001. Assessing landscape health: A case study from Northeastern Italy. Environ Man, 27 (3): 349～ 365
[3] Cao Y(曹宇),Hasbagan(哈斯巴根),Song D-M(宋冬梅).2002.A review on the concept,characteristic and assessment of landscape health.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(11):1511～1515(in Chinese)
[4] Cao Y(曹宇),Xiao D-N(肖笃宁),Ouyang H(欧阳华),et al.2004.Analysis of landscape change driversinthe Ejin natural oasis.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),24(9):1895～1902(in Chinese)
[5] Cao Y(曹宇),Ouyang H(欧阳华),Xiao D-N(肖笃宁),et al.2005.Landscape change and its eco-environmental effects in Ejin natural oasis.Geogr Res(地理研究),24(1):130～139(in Chinese)
[6] Chen C-D(陈昌笃).1994.Landscape conservation and red book for threatened landscapes.Chin Biodiv(生物多样性),2(3):177～180(in Chinese)
[7] Chen G(陈高),Dai L-M(代力民),Fan Z-H(范竹华).2002.On forest ecosystem health andits evaluation.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(5):605～610(in Chinese)
[8] Costanza R,Norton B,Haskell B.1992.Ecosystem Health:New Goals for Environmental Management.Washington,DC:Island Press.
[9] Cui B-S(崔保山),Yang Z-F(杨志峰).2002.Establishing an indicator systemfor ecosystem health evaluation on wetlandsⅠ.A theoretical framework.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),22(7):1005～1011(in Chinese)
[10] Cui B-S(崔保山),Yang Z-F(杨志峰).2002.Establishing an indicator system for ecosystem health evaluation on wetlands Ⅱ.An application.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),22(8):1231～1239(in Chinese)
[11] Cui B-S(崔保山),Yang Z-F(杨志峰).2001.Research review on wetland ecosystem health.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),20(3):31～36(in Chinese)
[12] Cui H-T(崔海亭).2001.Landscape pollution:A problem need to be solved urgently.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),20(3):60～62(in Chinese)
[13] Ferguson BK.1994.The concept of landscape health.J Environ Man,40:129～137
[14] Fu B-J(傅伯杰),Liu S-L(刘世梁),MaK-M(马克明).2001.The contents and methods of integrated ecosystem assessment.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(11):1885～1892(in Chinese)
[15] Kong H-M(孔红梅),Zhao J-Z(赵景柱),Ma K-M(马克明).2002.Assessment method of ecosystem health.Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报),13(4):486～490(in Chinese)
[16] Kristjanson LJ,Hobbs RJ.2001.Degrading landscapes:Lessons from Palliative care.Ecosyst Health,7(4):203～213
[17] Li J(李瑾),An S-Q(安树青),Cheng X-L(程小莉).2001.Advances of assessment of ecosystem health.Acta Phytoecol Sin(植物生态学报),25(6):641～647(in Chinese)
[18] Ma K-M(马克明),Kong H-M(孔红梅),Guan W-B(关文彬).2001.Ecosystem health assessment:Methods and directions.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(12):2106～2116(in Chinese)
[19] O' Neill RV, Riitters KH, Wickham JD, et al. 1999. Landscape pattern metrics and regional assessment. Ecosyst Health, 5(4):225～233
[20] Patil GP, Brooks RP, Myers WL, et al. 2001. Ecosystem health and its measurement at landscape scale: Toward the next generation of quantitative assessments. Ecosyst Health, 7 (4): 307 ～ 316
[21] Rapport DJ, Gaudett C, Calow P. 1995. Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large Scale Ecosystems. Heidelberg:Spring-Verlag.
[22] Rapport DJ, Gaudett C, Karr JR, et al. 1998. Evaluating landscape health:Integrating societal goals and biophysical process. J Environ Man,53: 1～15
[23] Yuan X-Z(袁兴中),Liu H(刘红),Lu J-J(陆健健).2001.Assessment of ecosystem health:Concept framework and indicators selection.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(4):627～629(in Chinese)
[24] Zeng D-H(曾德慧),Jiang F-Q(姜凤岐),Fan Z-P(范志平).1999.Ecosystem health and sustainable development for human.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(6):751～756(in Chinese)