六盘山辽东栎、少脉椴天然次生林夏季蒸散研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2004年8～9月份,利用热扩散技术,结合微型蒸渗仪和水文学方法,研究了辽东栎、少脉椴次生林蒸散组成及其与林分结构的关系.结果表明,辽东栎和少脉椴树干的液流密度在"相对静止期"内比较稳定和微弱,其值在0.05μl·cm^-2·min^-1以下;在"活跃期"内树干液流密度上升较快,并呈单峰、双峰或多峰曲线,其值在0.25μl·cm^-2·min^-1以下;两树种单株蒸腾量有明显的种间差异,前者晴天和阴雨天单株蒸腾量分别为5.31和2.48 L·d^-1,为后者的2.3倍和3.75倍.林下灰_栒子和黄刺玫蒸腾速率日均值接近,分别为0.331和0.321 g·g^-1·h^-1.次生林日均蒸散量1.4 mm·d^-1,其中蒸腾量0.72 mm·d^-1、土壤蒸发量0.19 mm·d^-1、林冠截留量0.4 mm·d^-1,各占总量的49.6%、13.3%和37.1%.乔、灌木树种组成对次生林蒸腾量影响的表现不同,前者表现为个体蒸腾量的种间差异,而后者取决于单位林地面积上各树种的叶量.乔木层、灌木层和草本层(含土壤层)日均蒸散量分别为0.96、0.30和0.19 mm·d^-1,各占总量的65.8%、20.9%和13.3%,说明乔木层对林分日蒸散量大小起主要作用,灌木层次之,草本和土壤蒸发量的贡献最小.

关键词: 辽东栎, 少脉椴, 天然次生林, 蒸散量, 林分结构

Abstract: With heat dissipation probe technique and combined with microlysimeter and hydrological methods,this paper studied the evapotranspiration of secondary Quercus liaotungensis and Tilia paucicostata stands,and its relationship to forest structure from August to September 2004.The results indicated that the stem sap flux density (SFD) of Quercus liaotungensis and Tilia paucicostata changed regularly from day to night in later growth season.In relatively still period (nighttime),the SFD kept low values continuously,usually below 0.05 μl·cm^-2·min^-1,while in active period (daytime),it increased quickly,usually below 0.25 μl·cm^-2·min^-1.The daily transpiration of whole-tree was estimated based on the calculation of daily cumulative SFD,which showed that there existed a significant difference between two tree species.The daily transpiration of Quercus liaotungensis reached 5.31 and 2.48 L·d^-1 in sunny- and cloudy-days,2.35 and 3.75 folds as that of Tilia paucicostata,respectively.There was no significant difference in daily leaf transpiration rate between these two shrub species.During measurement periods,the average daily stand evapotranspiration was 1.45 mm·d^-1,including transpiration (0.72 mm·d^-1),soil evaporation (0.19 mm·d^-1),and canopy interception (0.54 mm·d^-1),which accounted for 49.6%,13.3% and 37.1% of the total evapotranspiration,respectively.The results showed that the difference of whole-tree transpiration between tree species contributed significantly to the difference of tree canopy transpiration,while the difference of shrub canopy transpiration was on account of the leaf amount in the canopy.The effects of vertical layers in the stand on total stand evapotranspiration also differed,with a percentage of 65.8%,20.9% and 13.3% for tree canopy,shrub canopy and floor,respectively,which meant that the transpiration and interception of tree canopy contributed most to the total evpotranspiration,followed by shrub transpiration,soil evaporation,and grass transpiration.

Key words: Quercus liaotungensis, Tilia paucicostata, Natural secondary stand, Evapotranspiration, Forest structure

中图分类号:

S715.4

熊伟, 王彦辉, 于澎涛, 时忠杰, 沈振西, 郭明春. 六盘山辽东栎、少脉椴天然次生林夏季蒸散研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(9): 1628-1632.

XIONG Wei, WANG Yanhui, YU Pengtao, Shi Zhongjie, Shen Zhenxi, Guo Mingchun . Evapotranspiration of natural Quercus liaotungensis and Tilia paucicostata secondary stands in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(9): 1628-1632.

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