植被与大气之间物质和能量交换过程的反演理论研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 介绍了研究植被与大气之间物质和能量交换过程的一个崭新理论—反演理论,主要包括拉格朗日方法、欧拉方法和欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法.详细阐述了各种方法的理论框架,并简要说明了其应用范围,最后概述了反演理论的局限性和未来的发展方向.

Abstract: To estimate the source/sink and the vertical fluxes of mass and energy within and above plant canopies continues to be a critical research problem in biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes.The underlying approaches in such problem are to exploit the natural properties of turbulence within and above vegetation,such as Lagrangian inverse analysis,high order Eulerian closure model,and hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method.This paper introduced the recent development in multilayer turbulent transport methods to compute the distributions of the strengths of scalar sources and sinks within plant-atmosphere continuum,and in particular,focused on the so-called "inverse methods",and described above three methods and their characteristics in detail.The limitation and prospect of these methods were also mentioned.

Key words: Plant, Atmosphere, Exchange processes, Inverse methods

中图分类号:

P435

刁一伟, 裴铁璠. 植被与大气之间物质和能量交换过程的反演理论研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(9): 1765-1768.

DIAO Yiwei, PEI Tiefan . Research advances in inverse methods used for modeling plant-atmosphere exchange[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(9): 1765-1768.

参考文献

[1] Bruns HA, Abel CA. 2003. Nitrogen fertility effects on Bt-endotoxin and nitrogen concentrations of maize during early growth. Agron J, 95:207～21
[2] Ding Q-X(丁群星), Li Y-T(李元太), Dai J-R(戴景瑞), et al.1993. Studies on the transfer of Bt crystal protein gene into maize by pollen tube injecting pathway. Chin Sci B(中国科学· B 辑), 23(7) :707～713(in Chinese)
[3] Donegan KK, Schaller DL, Stone JK, et al. 1996. Microbial populations, fungal species diversity and plant pathogen levels in field plots of potato plants expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenbrionls endotoxin. Trans Res, 5(1) :25～35
[4] G-engT(耿涛),DaiL(戴路),XuZ-W(徐占伟).2004.The structural research of the cotton degree planting group of high density. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 20 (2):104～107 (in Chinese)
[5] Gianessi LP, Carpenter JE. 2001. Agricultural Biotechnology:Updated Benefit Estimates. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, Washington, DC.
[6] Gou S-D(郭三堆),Cui H-Z(崔洪志),Xia L-Q(夏兰芹), et al.1999. Development of bivalent insect-resistant transgenic cotton plants. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 32(3):1～7(in Chinese)
[7] James C. 2002. Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops:2002. International service for the acquisition of agri-biotech application(ISAAA) brief. No. 24. Preview. ISAAA, Ithaca. NY.
[8] Matzke MA, Matzke AJM. 1990. Gene interaction and epigenetic variation in transgenic plants. Dev Genetics, 11:214～223
[9] Miao G-Y(苗果园),Yin J(尹军),Zhang Y-T(张云亭), et al.1998. Study on root growth of main crops in north China. Acta Agron Sin(作物学报), 24(1):1～6(in Chinese)
[10] Morra MJ. 1994. Assessing the impact of transgenic plant products on soil organisms. Mol Ecol, 3:53～55
[11] Palm CJ, Donegan KK, Harris DL, et al. 1994. Quantitation in soil of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki delta-endotoxin from transgenic plants. Mol Ecol, 3(2):145～151
[12] Sims SR, Holden LR. 1996. Insect bioassay for determining soil degradation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Cry1A(b) protein in corn tissues. Environ Ent, 25(3) :659～664
[13] Palm CJ, Schaller DL, Donegan KK, et al. 1996. Persistence in soil of transgenic plant produced Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki δendotoxin. Can J Microbiol, 42(12):1258～1262
[14] Pleasants JM, Hellmich RL, Dively GP, et al. 2001. Corn pollen deposition on milkweeds in and near cornfields. Proc Natl Acad Sci,98(21):11919～11924
[15] Roush RT. 1994. Managing pests and their resistance to Bt:Can transgenic crops be better than sprays? Biocontrol Sci Technol, 4:501～516
[16] Sachs ES, Benedict JH, Stelly DM, et al. 1998. Expression and segregation of genes encoding Cry1A insecticidal proteins in cotton.Crop Sci,38:1～11
[17] Saxena D, Flores S, Stotzky G. 1999. Insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn. Nature, 402(6761):480
[18] Saxena D, Flores S, Stotzky G. 2002. Vertical movement in soil of insecticidal Cry1Ab protein form Bacillus thuringiensis. Soil Biol Biochem, 34 :111～12
[19] Sexena D, Flores S, Stotzky G. 2002. Bt toxin is released in root exudates from 12 transgenic corn hybrids respresenting three transformation events. Soil Biol Biochem, 34:133～137
[20] Saxena D, Stotzky G. 2001. Bacillus thuringiensis toxin released from root exudates and biomass of Bt corn has no apparent effect on earthworms, nematodes, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi in soil. Soil Bio Biochem, 33(9):1225～1230
[21] Srivastava V, Vasil V, Vasil IK, et al. 1996. Molecular characterization of the fate of transgenes in transformed wheat. Thero Appl Genet, 92:1031～1037
[22] Sears MK, Hellmich RL, Diane E. 2001. Impact of Bt corn pollen on monarch butterfly populations:A risk assessment. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 98 (21):11937～11942
[23] Shen F-F(沈法富),Han X-L(韩秀兰), Fan S-L(范术丽). 2004.Changes in microbial flora and bacterial physiological group diversity in rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt cotton. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 24(3):432～437(in Chinese)
[24] Shu C-E(束春娥), Sun H-W(孙洪武), Sun Y-W(孙以文), et al.1998. Toxic response of cotton bollworm to various parts of Bttransgenic cotton in different growing stages. Acta Gossypii Sin (棉花学报), 10(3):131～135(in Chinese)
[25] Sun C-X(孙彩霞), Chen L-J(陈利军), Wu Z-J(武志杰).2002.Research advances in soil persistence characteristics of toxins released by transgenic Bt crops and their relationships with soil properties. J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13(11):1478～1482 (in Chinese)
[26] Sun C-X(孙彩霞), Chen L-J(陈利军), Wu Z-J(武志杰), et al.2003. Effect of transgenic Bt rice planting on soil enzyme activities.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 14(12) :2261～2264(in Chinese)
[27] Sun C-X(孙彩霞), Chen L-J(陈利军), Wu Z-J(武志杰), et al.2004. Study on photosynthetic characters and Bt toxin content in different transgenic Bt cottons. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 15(10):1878～1882(in Chinese)
[28] Sun C-X(孙彩霞), Chen L-J(陈利军), Wu Z-J(武志杰), et al.2004. Persistence of Bt toxin in soil and its effects on soil phosphatase activity. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 41 (5):761～766 (in Chinese)
[29] Traore SB, Carlson RE, Pilcher CD, et al. 2000. Bt and non-Bt maize growth and development as affected by temperature and drought stress. Agron J, 92:1027～1035
[30] Stanley-Horn DE, Direly GP, Hellmich RL, et al. 2001. Assessing the impact of Cry1Ab-expressing corn pollen on monarch butterfly larvae in field studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 98(21) :11931～11936
[31] Trewavas A, Leaver C. 2001. Is opposition to GM crops science or politics? An investigation into the arguments that GM crops pose a particular threat to the environment. EMBO Reports, 2(6):455～459
[32] WangW-M(王卫民),LiS-H(李绍虎),LiB(李斌),et al.2002. Content and expression of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein in transgenic cotton. J Agric Biotech (农业生物技术学报), 10(3) :215～219(in Chinese)
[33] WuG(吴刚),Cui H-R(崔海瑞),Shu Q-R(舒庆尧), et al.2001. Expression patterns of Cry1Ab gene in progenies of "Kemingdao" and the resistance to striped stem borer. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 34 (5):496～501 (in Chinese)