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应用生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (11): 2710-2715.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原小流域土壤pH、阳离子交换量和有机质分布特征

魏孝荣1,2;邵明安1,2**   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100;2中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌
    712100
  • 出版日期:2009-11-20 发布日期:2009-11-20

Distribution characteristics of soil pH, CEC and organic matter in a small watershed of the Loess Plateau

WEI Xiao-rong1,2|SHAO Ming-an1,2   

  1. 1Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A &|F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China|2State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and
     Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Online:2009-11-20 Published:2009-11-20

摘要: 通过野外调查采样和室内分析,研究了黄土高原小流域土壤pH、阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity,CEC)和有机质的分布特征及其与土地利用方式、地形条件和土壤类型的关系.结果表明:黄土高原小流域土壤pH、CEC和有机质分别介于7.7~8.6、11.9~28.7 cmol·kg-1和3.0~27.9 g·kg-1,分别服从正态分布、对数正态分布和负二项分布.3种土壤性质随地形、土地利用方式和土壤类型的不同差异很大.不同土地利用方式下,土壤有机质和CEC以林地、草地和农田较高,果园较低;pH则以林地较低,其他利用方式较高;不同地形条件下,3种土壤性质均呈塬面和坡地大于沟道和梯田的趋势;不同类型土壤中,有机质和CEC以黑垆土和红土较高,pH则以黄绵土较高.整体上,土壤有机质和CEC呈现出相似的变化趋势,而pH的分布特征则与之相反.

关键词: 小流域, pH, 阳离子交换量, 有机质, 土地利用, 地形, 土壤类型, 溶磷真菌, 溶磷能力, 有机酸, 铜尾矿

Abstract: Soil chemical properties play important roles in soil ecological functioning. In this study, 207 surface soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected
 from different representative landscape units in a gully watershed of the Loess Plateau to examine the distribution characteristics of soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter, and their relations to land use type, landform, and soil type. The soil pH, CEC and organic matter content ranged from 7.7 to 8.6, 11.9 to 28.7 cmol·kg-1, and 3.0 to 27.9 g·kg-1, and followed normal distribution, log-normal distribution, and negative binomial distribution, respectively. These three properties were significantly affected by land use type, landform, and soil type. Soil CEC and organic matter content were higher in forestland, grassland and farmland than in orchard land, and soil pH was lower in forestland than in other three land use types. Soil pH, CEC and organic matter content were higher in plateau land and sloping land than in gully bottom and terrace land. Soil CEC and organic matter content were higher in dark loessial soil and rebified soil, while soil pH was higher in yellow loessial soil. Across all the three land scape factors, soil CEC and organic matter content showed the similar distribution pattern, but an opposite distribution pattern was observed for soil pH.

Key words: small watershed, pH, CEC, organic matter, land use, landform, soil type, phosphate-solubilizing fungi, phosphate-solubilizing capability, organic acid, copper mine tailings.