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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (06): 1477-1484.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期施肥对稻田土壤有机氮、微生物生物量及功能多样性的影响

郝晓晖1,2,胡荣桂1**,吴金水1,3,汤水荣1,罗希茜1   

  1. 1华中农业大学资源与环境学院| 武汉 430070;2华东师范大学河口海岸科学国家重点实验室,上海 200062;3中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙 410125
  • 出版日期:2010-06-18 发布日期:2010-06-18

Effects of long-term fertilization on paddy soils organic nitrogen, microbial biomass, and microbial functional diversity.

HAO Xiao-hui1,2, HU Rong-gui1, WU Jin-shui1,3, TANG Shui-rong1, LUO Xi-qian1   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;2State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;3Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
  • Online:2010-06-18 Published:2010-06-18

摘要: 以位于湖南省新化和宁乡县两个稻田肥力长期定位试验点的土样为材料,研究了不同施肥处理对稻田土壤有机氮组分、微生物生物量及功能多样性的影响.结果表明:与不施肥处理(CK)相比,化肥配施有机肥处理提高了稻田土壤酸解总氮(TAHN)及其组分中氨基糖氮(ASN)、氨基酸氮(AAN)和酸解氨态氮(AN)的含量,不同施肥处理对组分中酸解未知氮(HUN)的影响不尽相同.与CK相比,单施化肥处理对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮(MBC、MBN)含量的影响较小,化肥配施有机肥处理则显著提高了土壤MBC和MBN的含量.采用BIOLOG法对土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行测定,结果表明:中、高量有机肥处理提高了稻田土壤微生物的碳源利用率和微生物群落功能多样性;土壤微生物碳源利用的类型因长期不同施肥处理而产生差异.

关键词: 长期施肥, 稻田土壤, 有机氮, 微生物生物量, 功能多样性, 梭梭, 白梭梭, 叶绿素荧光, 脱水胁迫, 日变化

Abstract: Soil samples were collected from the plow layers at two long-term experiment sites in Xinhua and Ningxiang counties of Hunan Province, China to study the effects of long-term fertilization on  organic nitrogen, microbial biomass, and microbial functional diversity of paddy soils. Long-term fertilization showed great effects on the soil N content. Compared with CK, treatments NPK plus manure or straw increased the contents of soil total acid-hydrolysable N and its fractions amino sugar N, amino acid N, and ammonium N. Treatment NPK had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass C and N, but trea tments NPK plus manure  increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C and N significantly. BIOLOG test showed that treatments NPK plus manure  enhanced the carbon utilization efficiency of soil microbes, and improved the  functional diversity of soil microbial communities, compared with CK. Long-term different fertilizer treatments resulted in the differences of carbon substrate utilization patterns of soil microbial communities.

Key words: long-term fertilization, paddy soil, organic nitrogen, microbial biomass, functional diversity, Haloxylon ammodendron, H. persicum,  chlorophyll fluorescence, dehydration stress, diurnal variation.