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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (06): 1492-1496.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

保护性耕作对土壤交换性盐基组成的影响

胡 宁1,娄翼来2,张晓珂2,梁文举2,梁 雷1**   

  1. 1辽宁大学环境学院,沈阳 110036;2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016
  • 出版日期:2010-06-18 发布日期:2010-06-18

Effects of conservation tillage on the composition of soil exchangeable base.

HU Ning1, LOU Yi-lai2, ZHANG Xiao-ke2, LIANG Wen-ju2, LIANG Lei1   

  1. 1College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;2Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
  • Online:2010-06-18 Published:2010-06-18

摘要: 以辽宁省彰武县保护性耕作示范推广基地土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查和取样分析,对比研究了传统犁耕和6年保护性耕作(免耕秸秆覆盖)条件下的土壤交换性盐基组成.结果表明:在15 cm土层内,保护性耕作土壤的交换性K、Ca、Mg含量和盐基总量(SEB)较传统犁耕均有不同程度增加,表明保护性耕作使土壤的保肥和缓冲能力增强.相关分析表明,这与土壤的有机质和粘粒含量的变化密切相关;保护性耕作土壤的K/SEB和Ca/Mg高于传统犁耕,而(Ca+Mg)/SEB、Ca/K和Mg/K低于传统犁耕,说明保护性耕作对土壤交换性盐基比例关系的影响以交换性Ca、K特别是K的相对富集为主要特征;保护性耕作提高了交换性K、Ca、Mg含量与SEB的分层比率(0~5 cm/5~15 cm和0~5 cm/15~30 cm),表明交换性盐基在耕层剖面的垂直变异性增强.

关键词: 保护性耕作, 免耕, 秸秆覆盖, 土壤交换性盐基, 分层, 东乡野生稻, 耐低氮性, 主成分分析, 综合评价, 指标筛选

Abstract: Taking the soil in Zhangwu County of Liaoning Province as test object, a comparative study was made to understand the composition of soil exchangeable base under traditional tillage and 6-year conservation tillage (no-tillage plus straw mulch). Comparing with traditional tillage, conservation tillage increased the total amount of exchangeable base (SEB) and the contents of exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg in top (0-15 cm) soil, suggesting its positive effect in increasing soil nutrient holding capacity and buffering ability. This effect had a close relationship with the changes of soil organic matter and clay contents, according to correlation analysis. In addition, the K/SEB and Ca/Mg ratios were higher, while the (Ca+Mg)/SEB, Ca/K, and Mg/K ratios were lower under conservation tillage than under traditional tillage, illustrating that the effects of conservation tillage on soil exchangeable base were mainly presented in the relative enrichment of soil exchangeable Ca and K, especially K. Conservation tillage increased the stratification ratio (0-5 cm/5-15 cm and 0-5 cm/15-30 cm) of soil exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, and SEB, suggesting the increase of the vertical variability of SEB in plough layer.

Key words: conservation tillage, no-tillage, straw mulch, soil exchangeable base, stratification, Dongxiang wild rice, low nitrogen tolerance, principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation, index screening.