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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (07): 1667-1673.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

喀斯特木论自然保护区土壤养分的空间变异特征

刘 璐1,2,曾馥平1,2,宋同清1,2,彭晚霞1,2,王克林1,2**,覃文更3,谭卫宁3   

  1. 1中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125|2中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西环江 547200|3木论国家级自然保护区管理局, 广西环江 547100
  • 出版日期:2010-07-20 发布日期:2010-07-20

Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Karst area’s Mulun National Nature Reserve.

LIU Lu1,2, ZENG Fu-ping1,2, SONG Tong-qing1,2, PENG Wan-xia1,2, WANG Ke-lin1,2, QIN Wen-geng3, TAN Wei-ning3   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China|2Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547200, Guangxi, China|3Management Bureau of Mulun National Nature Reserve, Huanjiang 547100Guangxi, China
  • Online:2010-07-20 Published:2010-07-20

摘要: 基于网格(20 m×20 m)采样法采集土壤样品,利用经典统计学和地统计方法分析了典型喀斯特峰丛洼地(200 m×100 m)土壤养分的空间变异特征.结果表明:研究区土壤pH值表现为弱变异,其他各养分指标均为中等程度变异,大小顺序为速效磷(AP)>速效钾(AK)>碱解氮(AN)>土壤有机质(SOM)>全钾(TK)>全磷(TP)>全氮(TN);pH半变异函数的最佳拟合模型为球状模型,TK和AK的最佳拟合模型为指数模型,其他养分指标的最佳拟合模型均为高斯模型;pH、AK的变异尺度(变程)较小,分别为58.1和41.1 m,SOM、TN、TP、AN、AP的变异尺度相近,在100~150 m,TK的变异尺度最大(463.5 m);除研究区土壤TK、TN表现为中等的空间自相关性外,其他土壤养分指标均表现为强烈的空间自相关性.pH、AK呈零星斑块状分布,表现为高异质性;SOM、TP、TK的变化趋势较平缓,呈中间高、两边低的分布格局;AN、AP的空间分布具有显著的相似性,均随坡度的增加而呈片状上升趋势;TN的分布较特殊,呈中间低、两边高的趋势.植被、地形和高异质性的微生境是造成喀斯特木论自然保护区土壤养分格局差异的主要因素.

关键词: 喀斯特, 土壤养分, 空间变异, 地统计学, 日本落叶松, 土壤微生物, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性, 典范对应分析

Abstract: Soil samples were collected from the depression (200 m×100 m) in Karst area’s Mulun National Nature Reserve by grid sampling method (20 m×20 m), with the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients analyzed by the methods of classic statistics and geo-statistics. The soil pH showed small variation, while the soil nutrients showed moderate variation, being in the order of available phosphorus (AP) > available potassium (AK) > available nitrogen (AN) > organic matter (OM) > total potassium (TK) > total phosphorus (TP) > total nitrogen (TN). Spherical model fitted best for soil pH, exponential model fitted best for soil TK and AK, and Gaussian model fitted best for other variables. The variation range of soil pH and AK was smaller, being 58.1 m and 41.1 m, respectively, that of soil OM, TN, TP, AN, and AP was from 100 m to 150 m, and that of soil TK was the largest (463.5 m). Soil TK and TN showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, while other soil nutrients showed strong spatial autocorrelation. Soil pH and AK presented fragmented patch distribution, showing high heterogeneity, while soil OM, TP, and TK changed gently, high in the middle and low in two sides. The spatial patterns of soil AN and AP were similar, i.e., increased with landform slope.Soil TN had a distribution pattern of low in the middle and high in two sides. Vegetation, topography, and high heterogeneity of micro-habitat were the main factors caused the differences of the spatial distribution patterns of soil nutrients in the Reserve.

Key words: Karst, soil nutrient, spatial heterogeneity, geo-statistics, Larix kaempferi , soil microorganism, soil nutrient, soil enzyme activity, CCA.