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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (07): 1674-1680.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

杉木人工林生物量与养分积累动态

杨 明1,2,汪思龙1**,张伟东1,2,王清奎1   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所会同森林生态实验站, 沈阳 110016;2中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
  • 出版日期:2010-07-20 发布日期:2010-07-20

Dynamics of biomass- and nutrient accumulation in a Chinese-fir plantation.

YANG Ming1,2, WANG Si-long1, ZHANG Wei-dong1,2, WANG Qing-kui1   

  1. 1Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016, China|2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Online:2010-07-20 Published:2010-07-20

摘要: 基于中国科学院会同森林生态实验站30多年的定位观测数据,结合文献资料,分析了杉木人工林生物量和养分积累及其分配格局随时间的变化过程,以及不同轮伐期和收获强度对养分输入/输出的影响.结果表明:林龄是影响杉木人工林生物量和养分积累的主要因子,不同器官的生物量和养分贮量差异显著,二者对生物量与养分积累变异的解释量分别为37.1%和40.3%.随林龄增长,杉木人工林生物量和养分向树干分配比例增大,而向树叶分配比例减小;生物量和养分积累速率分别在17 a和13 a时达到最大值,即养分积累先于生物量积累达到最大值;在3~20 a,杉木人工林生产单位干物质所需的营养元素量随着林龄增大持续快速下降,20 a之后渐趋平稳,即养分的利用效率随林龄增大而增大.不同收获预案分析显示,延长轮伐期、降低利用强度可以减少养分输出.若仅收获树干,轮伐期从28 a延长至56 a,收获的生物量减少31.57%,但林分N、P、K、Ca、Mg输出分别减少42.02%、58.93%、27.70%、31.07%和45.26%.

关键词: 杉木人工林, 生物量, 养分, 积累速率, 轮伐期, 咸水滴灌, 土壤水分动态, 三维时空, 人工绿地, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: Based on the over 30 years observation data in Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem under Chinese Academy of Sciences and related literatures, this paper analyzed the dynamics of the biomass-and nutrient accumulation and allocation in a Chinese-fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation, and the effects of rotation length and harvest intensity on the nutrient input/output. The results showed that stand age was the main factor affecting the biomass- and nutrient accumulation and allocation, and different organs had significant differences in their biomass- and nutrient storage. Stand age and different organs explained 37.1% and 40.3 % of the variations of biomass-and nutrient storage, respectively. With the increase of stand age, the proportions of biomass and nutrients allocated to stem increased, while those allocated to foliage decreased. The accumulation rates of biomass and nutrients peaked at the age of 17 and 13, respectively, indicating that the nutrients reached their maximum accumulation rate ahead of the biomass. The nutrient requirement per unit dry biomass production decreased rapidly from the stand age 3 to 20 and reached a steady state after then, suggesting that the nutrient use efficiency increased with stand age. The analysis of different harvest scenarios showed that to prolong rotation length and to lower utilization intensity could reduce nutrient output. For example, if the rotation length was prolonged from 28 years to 56 years and only stem was harvested, the harvested biomass would be decreased by 31.57%, and the output of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg would be decreased by 42.02%, 58.93%, 27.70%, 31.07%, and 45.26%, respectively.

Key words: Chinese-fir plantation, biomass, nutrient, accumulation rate, rotation length, saline water drip-irrigation, dynamics of soil water, three-dimensional space and time, artificial vegetation, Taklimakan Desert.