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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (11): 2755-2762.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇东旱地果园覆沙对苹果树蒸腾耗水及果实品质的影响

张 坤,尹小宁,刘小勇,王发林**   

  1. 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,兰州 730070
  • 出版日期:2010-11-18 发布日期:2010-11-18

Effects of sand-covering on apple trees transpiration and fruit quality in dry land orchards of Longdong, Gansu.

ZHANG Kun, YIN Xiao-ning, LIU Xiao-yong, WANG Fa-lin   

  1. Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Online:2010-11-18 Published:2010-11-18

摘要: 针对甘肃陇东旱地苹果园季节性干旱问题,以15年生长富2号苹果树为试材,测定果园覆沙后土壤水分、温度,以及果树主干液流速率、叶片气孔导度、果实品质等指标.结果表明:果园覆盖5 cm厚河沙,2—4月地温升高幅度低于1 ℃,6、7月晴天地温升高2.44 ℃,阴天地温升高2.61 ℃;在果树生长季节土壤含水量始终保持在田间持水量的60%以上.土壤含水量较高的时期(H期)晴天,树干液流曲线呈“几”字形宽峰曲线,覆沙处理液流启动时间较对照提前0.6 h,峰值较对照高25.5%,阴天峰值较对照高165.6%,且液流活动时间延长;土壤含水量较低的时期(L期)晴天,覆沙处理液流呈单峰曲线,启动时间较对照提前0.5~1 h,峰值在794 g·h-1左右,而阴天液流启动时间较对照提前近1 h,峰值较对照高311.0%.3—7月对照的棵间蒸发量(Es)较覆沙处理高156.0%,过多的地面蒸发是造成果树缺水的主要原因.覆沙后果实单果质量显著提高,果实硬度略有降低,果实可溶性固形物、维生素C、总糖、有机酸含量均有所提高.

关键词: 旱地, 苹果园, 覆沙, 液流速率, 果实品质

Abstract: Aiming at the seasonal drought in the dry land orchards of Longdong, Gansu Province, a sand-covering experiment was conducted with 15-year-old  Nagafu No.2 apple trees, with the soil water content, temperature, stem sap flow velocity, leaf stomatal conductance, and fruit quality measured. In the orchard covered with 5-cm-thick riversand, the increment of soil temperature in February-April was lower than 1 ℃, while in June-July, it was 2.44  ℃ and 2.61  ℃ on sunny and cloudy days, respectively. The soil water content was over 60% of field capacity throughout the growing season. On sunny days with high soil water content  (H season), the stem sap flow curve presented a wide peak. Under sand covering, the sap flow started 0.6 h earlier, and the maximum sap flow velocity was 25.5% higher than the control.  On cloudy days of H season, the maximum sap flow velocity was 165.6% higher than the control. On sunny days with low soil water content   (L season), the sap flow curve had a single peak, and under sand covering, the sap flow started 0.5-1 h earlier than the control on sunny days. The maximum sap flow velocity was 794 g·h-1. On cloudy days of L season, the sap flow started 1 h earlier, and the maximum sap flow velocity was 311.0% higher than the control. The evaporation of the control was 156.0% higher than that of sand-covering from March to July, suggesting that excessive ground water evaporation was the main reason to cause soil drought. Under sand-covering, single fruit mass was improved obviously whereas fruit firmness was reduced slightly, and soluble solids, vitamin C, total sugar, and organic acid contents were somewhat promoted.

Key words: dry land, apple orchard, sand-covering, sap flow velocity, fruit quality