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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 495-499.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

大型溞引导的沉水植被生态修复对滴水湖水质的净化效果

霍元子1,2;何文辉1,2;罗坤1,2;王阳阳1,2;张饮1,2;田千桃1,2;何培民1,2**   

  1. 1上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海 201306;2上海海洋大学水域环境生态上海高楼工程研究中心,上海 201306
  • 出版日期:2010-02-20 发布日期:2010-02-20

Bioremediation efficiency of applying Daphnia magna and submerged plants: A case study in Dishui Lake of Shanghai, China.

HUO Yuan-zi1,2|HE Wen-hui1,2|LUO Kun1,2|WANG Yang-yang1,2|ZHANG Yin-jiang1,2|TIAN Qian-tao1,2|HE Pei-min1,2   

  1. 1Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306,|China|2Water Environment &Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Online:2010-02-20 Published:2010-02-20

摘要: 2007年4月—2008年1月,在滴水湖D港中段长950 m(水量为10000 m3)的修复区内投放大型溞(Daphnia magna),以滤除水华藻类等颗粒有机物,然后移栽伊乐藻、苦草、轮叶黒藻、光叶眼子菜和菹草等沉水植物,逐月监测水体中总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)、总磷(TP)、活性磷酸盐(PO43--P)和COD等水质指标,分析沉水植被栽培对滴水湖水体水质的净化效果.结果表明:试验期间,修复区水体TN、TP、NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4+-N、PO43--P和COD显著低于对照区(P<0.01),溶解氧(DO)增加了50.4%,水体透明度(SD)平均在3.4~3.7 m,水质达到国家Ⅱ~Ⅲ类地表水水质标准;2008年3月应用已构建的沉水植被群落对富营养化流水水体水质进行净化试验,7 d后修复区流水水体除BOD外,TN、TP、NO3--N、NO2--N、NH4+-N、PO43--P和COD均显著降低(P<0.01),DO增加了17.98%,SD提高了30 cm.利用大型溞控藻后移栽沉水植物对滴水湖水体水质的净化效果十分显著.

关键词: 大型溞, 沉水植物, 滴水湖, 生态修复, 大麦,  , 磷高效基因型,  , 根系形态,  , 磷素吸收

Abstract: From April 2007 to January 2008, a bioremediation experiment was conducted in a diversion channel of D-port pilot area of Dishui Lake (the channel length is 950 m, and its water volume is 10000 m3). Daphnia magna was first introduced to filter the high biomass of phytoplankton and other particulate organic matter, and then, five submerged plant species Elodea canadensis, Vallisneria spiralis, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton lucens, and Potamogeton crispus were transplanted. Water samples were collected monthly to monitor the water quality and to investigate the bioremediation efficiency. Ten months monitoring data showed that in the remediation area, the water body’s total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), total phosphorus (TP), and reactive phosphate (PO43--P) concentrations and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were significantly lower (P<0.01), dissolved oxygen (DO) was increased by 50.4%, and the Secchi depth (SD) reached to an average of 3.4-3.7 m. Overall, the water quality was up to grades Ⅱ or Ⅲ of state water quality standards for surface water. In March 2008, the established submerged plant community was used to test its effectiveness in improving the eutrophicated water body from Dishui Lake, and the results showed that after 7-day treatment, except biological oxygen demand (BOD), the TN, TP, NO3--N, NO2--N, NH4+-N, and PO43--P concentrations and COD of the eutrophicated water were all decreased significantly, the DO was increased by 17.98%, and the SD was increased by 30 cm. The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of introducing D. magna and transplanting submerged plants in improving the water quality of Dishui Lake.

Key words: Daphnia magna, submerged plant, Dishui Lake, bioremediation, barley, phosphorus efficient genotype, root morphology, phosphorus uptake.