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应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (04): 979-984.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

大气CO2浓度和氮肥水平对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

崔昊,石祖梁,蔡剑,姜东,曹卫星,戴廷波   

  1. 南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室/江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室, 南京 210095
  • 出版日期:2011-04-18 发布日期:2011-04-18

Effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration eahancement and nitrogen application rate on wheat grain yield and quality.

CUI Hao, SHI Zu-liang, CAI Jian, JIANG Dong, CAO Wei-xing, DAI Ting-bo   

  1. Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China/Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory of Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
  • Online:2011-04-18 Published:2011-04-18

摘要: 应用FACE平台,研究了不同氮肥水平下大气CO2浓度升高对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响.结果表明: 大气CO2浓度升高(FACE)和增施氮肥显著提高了小麦籽粒产量、穗数、穗粒数和生物量.但FACE处理对收获指数无显著影响.FACE处理显著降低了籽粒蛋白质、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、面筋含量和沉降值,显著提高了小麦籽粒淀粉及其组分含量,而氮肥处理具有相反的效应.面团稳定时间及峰值黏度、最终黏度、反弹值等黏度特征参数在FACE和高氮水平下显著增加.此外,CO2浓度与氮肥水平互作对小麦籽粒产量和生物量有显著的正效应,但对籽粒品质无显著影响.在未来大气CO2浓度升高的情况下,维持较高的施氮量有利于提高小麦籽粒产量,改善淀粉糊化特性,缓解小麦品质特性的下降.

关键词: 小麦, 产量, 品质, FACE, 氮肥

Abstract: FACE platform was applied to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on wheat grain yield and quality under two nitrogen(N) application rates. Elevated atmosphericCO2 concentration and applying N increased the grain yield, spike number, grain number per spike, and biomass significantly, but elevated CO2 concentration had no significant effects on harvest index (HI). Under elevated CO2 concentration, there was a significant decrease in the protein, gliadin, gluteinin, and glutein contents of the grain and the sedimentation value of the flour, and a significant increase in the starch and its components contents of the grain; under N application, an inverse was observed. The dough stability time and the dough viscosity characteristics, such as peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback value, increased significantly under elevated CO2 concentration and high N application rate. The interaction of atmospheric CO2 concentration and N application rate had significantly positive effects on wheat grain yield and  biomass, but less effect on grain quality. Therefore, with elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration in the future, maintaining a higher N application level would benefit wheat grain yield and paste characteristics, and mitigate the decline of grain quality.

Key words: wheat, yield, quality, FACE, nitrogen fertilizer