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应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (06): 1477-1484.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于生理指标与籽粒产量关系的小麦品种抗冻性分析

王树刚,王振林,王平,王海伟,黄玮,武玉国,尹燕枰**   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东省作物生物学重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 出版日期:2011-06-18 发布日期:2011-06-18

Freeze resistance analysis of different wheat cultivars based on the relationships between physiological indices and grain yield.

WANG Shu-gang, WANG Zhen-lin, WANG Ping, WANG Hai-wei, HUANG Wei, WU Yu-guo, YIN Yan-ping   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Online:2011-06-18 Published:2011-06-18

摘要: 以20个冬小麦品种为材料进行盆栽试验,对其在低温胁迫条件下功能叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及籽粒产量、千粒重和籽粒形态性状进行测定.结果表明:拔节初期麦苗经-4 ℃低温胁迫后,不同品种冬小麦籽粒形态性状和产量性状均发生变化,绝大多数小麦品种籽粒长宽比、圆度和不育小穗数均增加,籽粒等效直径和面积及千粒重和籽粒产量均下降.通径分析表明,拔节初期低温处理后,功能叶SOD活性和可溶性糖含量是影响籽粒产量的主导因素,其中SOD活性对籽粒产量的直接影响较大,直接通径系数为-0.578.以籽粒产量下降的百分数作为小麦抗冻性评价的标准,可将20个小麦品种划分为3类:强抗冻类型的济麦19、济麦20、良星99、山农1135、山农8355、泰山23、泰山9818、汶农6号和烟农21,弱抗冻类型的临麦2号、潍麦8号、烟农19和淄麦12号,而其余7个品种属中度抗冻类型.苗期综合评价值(D值)与籽粒产量下降的百分数之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.512*),说明小麦苗期抗冻性强有利于获得较高的籽粒产量.苗期是小麦抗冻性鉴别选择的重要时期.

关键词: 小麦, 抗冻性, 生理指标, 籽粒产量, 通径分析

Abstract: A pot experiment with twenty wheat cultivars was conducted to investigate the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities and the MDA, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of functional leaves as well as the grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and grain morphological characters under low temperature stress. Low temperature (-4 ℃) stress at stem elongation stage resulted in the changes of grain morphology and yield characters. For most of test cultivars, their grain length-width ratio, grain roundness, and sterile spikelets increased, and their grain equivalent diameter, grain area, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield decreased. Path analysis indicated that after treated with low temperature at stem elongation stage, the SOD activity and soluble sugar content of functional leaves, especially the SOD activity (direct path coefficient -0.578), were the dominant factors affecting grain yield. Taking the percentage of decreased grain yield due to low temperature stress as the assessment criterion, the test twenty winter wheat cultivars were divided into three groups. Cultivars Jimai 19, Jimai 20, Liangxing 99, Shannong 1135, Shannong 8355, Taishan 23, Taishan 9818, Wennong 6, and Yannong 21 belonged to high freeze resistance group, cultivars Linmai 2, Weimai 8, Yannong 19, and Zimai 12 were of low freeze resistance group, and the other seven cultivars belonged to medium freeze resistance group. The seedling stage comprehensive assessment index (D value) had a significant negative correlation with the percentage of decreased grain yield (r=-0.512*), suggesting that the stronger freeze resistance of wheat at seedling stage was beneficial to the higher wheat grain yield, and seedling stage was the critical period to be selected to identify the freeze resistance of wheat.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum), freeze resistance, physiological index, grain yield, path analysis