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应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (07): 1921-1930.

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土壤有机碳分组方法及其在农田生态系统研究中的应用

张国1,曹志平1,胡婵娟2   

  1. 1中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100193;2中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
  • 出版日期:2011-07-18 发布日期:2011-07-18

Soil organic carbon fractionation methods and their applications in farmland ecosystem research: A review.

ZHANG Guo1, CAO Zhi-ping1, HU Chan-juan2   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional
     Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
  • Online:2011-07-18 Published:2011-07-18

摘要: 农田土壤有机碳成分复杂,活性有机碳对管理措施具有敏感性,而惰性有机碳具有固碳作用.碳分组技术主要包括物理技术、化学技术和生物学技术.物理分组的依据是密度、粒径大小和空间分布,可分离出有机碳的活性组分和惰性组分.化学分组基于土壤有机碳在各种提取剂中的溶解性、水解性和化学反应性从而分离出各种组分:溶解性有机碳是生物可代谢有机碳,包括有机酸、酚类和糖类等;酸水解方法可将有机碳分成活性和惰性成分;利用KMnO4模拟酶氧化可分离出活性碳和非活性碳.利用生物技术可测定出微生物生物量碳和潜在可矿化碳.在不同农田管理措施下,有机碳组分的化学组成和库容会发生不同变化,对土壤有机碳沉积速率产生不同影响.为了探明土壤有机碳组分与碳沉积之间的定性或定量关系,今后应该加强对各种分组方法的标准化研究,探索不同分组方法的整合应用,针对不同农田管理措施,总结出适合的有机碳分组方法或联合分组方法.

关键词: 有机碳, 活性碳, 团聚体, 颗粒有机碳, 溶解性有机碳, 微生物生物量碳, 潜在可矿化碳

Abstract: Soil organic carbon is of heterogeneity in components. The active components are sensitive to agricultural management, while the inert components play
 an important role in carbon fixation. Soil organic carbon fractionation mainly includes physical, chemical, and biological fractionations. Physical fractionation is to separate the organic carbon into active and inert components based on the density, particle size, and its spatial distribution; chemical fractionation
is to separate the organic carbon into various components based on the solubility, hydrolizability, and chemical reactivity of organic carbon in a variety of extracting agents. In chemical fractionation, the dissolved organic carbon is bio-available, including organic acids, phenols, and carbohydrates, and the acid-
hydrolyzed organic carbon can be divided into active and inert organic carbons. Simulated enzymatic oxidation by using KMnO4 can separate organic carbon into active and non-active carbon. Biological fractionation can differentiate microbial biomass carbon and potential mineralizable carbon. Under different farmland management practices, the chemical composition and pool capacity of soil organic carbon fractions will have different variations, giving different effects on soil quality. To identify the qualitative or quantitative relationships between soil organic carbon components and carbon deposition, we should strengthen the standardization study of various fractionation methods, explore the integrated application of different fractionation methods, and sum up the most appropriate organic carbon fractionation method or the appropriate combined fractionation methods for different farmland management practices.

Key words: organic carbon, active carbon, aggregate, particulate organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, potential mineralizable carbon