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应用生态学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (01): 278-284.

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人工集鱼装置对热带金枪鱼类行为模式的影响

王学昉1,朱国平1,2,3,孙满昌1,2,3,许柳雄1,2,3**   

  1. 1上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;2大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;3大洋生物资源开发和利用上海市高校重点实验室, 上海 201306
  • 出版日期:2012-01-18 发布日期:2012-01-18

Impact of fish aggregation devices on tropical tuna’s behavioral pattern: A review.

WANG Xue-fang1, ZHU Guo-ping1,2,3, SUN Man-chang1,2,3, XU Liu-xiong1,2,3   

  1. 1College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Shanghai 201306, China;3Shanghai Higher Education Commission Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Exploitation, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Online:2012-01-18 Published:2012-01-18

摘要: 金枪鱼类会聚集在漂浮物周围,人类依据该行为特性研制出人工集鱼装置(fish aggregation devices, FADs)诱集金枪鱼,从而使金枪鱼围网的产量和捕捞效率大幅提高.但目前科学界仍不确定FADs为何能够吸引金枪鱼以及其广泛使用是否会对金枪鱼资源和大洋中上层生态系统产生潜在影响.针对这些问题,国外学者展开了大量以FADs周围金枪鱼为研究对象的个体行为学试验.本文归纳并整理了过去30多年中较可靠和经典的相关试验,从金枪鱼的趋向性行为、集群行为、随附行为、摄食行为和垂直移动行为5个方面分别阐述了漂流FADs和锚泊FADs下金枪鱼的行为模式,并对国内今后开展相关研究的重点方向和注意事项进行了展望.

关键词: 热带金枪鱼, 漂流FADs, 锚泊FADs, 鱼类行为, 标志放流实验

Abstract: Tuna prefers to aggregate around floating objects. Based on this behavioral characteristic, people developed fish aggregation devices (FADs) to trap tuna, and made the catch and fishing efficiency of tuna purse seine fisheries improved greatly. However, there still exist uncertainties whether the FADs can attract tuna and what’s the potential impact of widely applying FADs in tuna purse seine fishery on tuna resources and oceanic pelagic ecosystem. Aiming at these uncertainties, scientists  conducted a great deal experiments to study the behavioral biology of tuna around FADs. This paper reviewed the related classic and more credible experiments in the past 30 years, and summed up five behavioral patterns of the tunas around drifting and anchored FADs, i.e., tropism behavior, schooling behavior, association behavior, feeding behavior, and vertical movement pattern. The related main research methods currently in use were introduced, and the issues on this subject needed to be paid great attention to were discussed.

Key words: tropical tuna, drifting FADs, anchored FADs, fish behavior, tagging experiment