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应用生态学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (08): 2185-2190.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

乙草胺对葡萄叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性及叶绿体结构的影响

谭伟,梁婷,翟衡**   

  1. (作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 山东泰安 271018)
  • 出版日期:2012-08-18 发布日期:2012-08-18

Effects of acetochlor on the photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics and chloroplast structure of grape leaves.

TAN Wei, LIANG Ting, ZHAI Heng   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China).
  • Online:2012-08-18 Published:2012-08-18

摘要: 以沙培1年生巨峰葡萄为材料,研究土施乙草胺对葡萄叶片光合、叶绿素荧光特性和叶绿体结构的影响.结果表明:喷施初期(处理后第13天),上部叶片净光合速率和气孔导度显著下降,PSII最大光化学效率和实际光化学效率显著低于对照,快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线中J点和K点荧光显著上升,性能指数PIABS显著下降,其PSII反应中心和放氧复合体受损伤程度显著高于中部叶片,但随着处理时间的延长,受损伤的程度减轻.在喷施后期(处理后第60天),上部叶片与中部叶片各指标之间的差距变小;下部叶片对除草剂的响应滞后,PSII反应中心和放氧复合体受到较大损伤,J点和K点荧光上升及PIABS下降的幅度高于中、上部叶片.乙草胺处理后第60天,葡萄叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量增加,中、上部叶片色素含量显著下降,叶绿体膜受损,叶绿体变小,片层结构模糊或间隙增大.表明土施乙草胺可传导至葡萄地上部,导致叶片光合机构损伤、PSII活性下降和光合速率降低.

Abstract: Taking oneyear old sandcultured Kyoho (Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca) grapevines as test materials, this paper studied the effects of spraying acetochlor on the grape leaves photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics and chloroplast ultra-structure. On the 13th day after spraying acetochlor, the net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance of upper-node leaves decreased significantly, so as the maximal photochemistry of PSII and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport. The relative variable fluorescence in the J step and K step of the chlorophyll fluorescence transients had an obvious increase, while the performance index (PIABS) had a marked decrease. The damages to the PSII reaction center and oxygen-evolving complex of upper-node leaves were more severe, as compared to middle-node leaves, but the damage degree was alleviated along with treatment time. On the 60th day after spraying acetochlor, the differences in the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between upper- and middlenode leaves diminished. The responses of bottomnode leaves appeared later than those of the upper- and middle-node leaves. The damage of PSII reaction center and oxygenevolving complex, the rise of relative variable fluorescence in the J step and K step, and the decline of PIABS of bottomnode leaves were much greater than those of the upper- and middle-node leaves. On the 60th day after spraying acetochlor, the leaf sugar and starch contents increased, but the pigments in the upper- and middle-node leavesdecreased significantly, the chloroplast membrane was impaired, the size of chloroplasts decreased, and the lamellae became fuzzy or the gap between lamellae increased. As a whole, acetochlor could be transmitted to the aboveground part of grapevine, and result in the damage of leaf photosynthetic apparatus and the decrease of PSII activity and photosynthetic rate.