Abstract: The objective of this study was to clarify the changes of soil organic carbon （SOC） content, the saturation capacity of soil carbon sequestration and its cooperation with carbon input (crop source and organic fertilizer source carbon) under longterm (1982-2012) different fertilization in red paddy soil. The results showed that fertilization could increase SOC content. The SOC content of all the fertilization treatments demonstrated a trend of stabilization after applying fertilizer for 30 years. The SOC content in the treatments applying organic manure with mineral fertilizers was between 21.02 and 21.24 g·kg^-1, and the increase rate ranged from 0.41 to 0.59 g·kg^-1·a^-1. The SOC content in the treatments applying mineral fertilizers only was 15.48 g·kg^-1. The average soil carbon sequestration in the treatments that applied organic manure with mineral fertilizers ranged from 43.61 to 48.43 t C·hm^-2, and the average SOC storage over the years in these treatments was significantly greater than those applying mineral fertilizers only. There was an exponentially positive correlation between C sequestration efficiency and annual average organic C input. It must input exogenous organic carbon at least at 0.12 t C·hm^-2·a^-1 to maintain the balance of soil organic carbon under the experimental conditions.