藏北高寒草甸群落结构与物种组成对增温与施氮的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.007

应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 3739-3748.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.007

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藏北高寒草甸群落结构与物种组成对增温与施氮的响应

宗宁¹, 柴曦^1,2, 石培礼^1*, 蒋婧³, 牛犇^1,2, 张宪洲¹, 何永涛¹

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;³江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所, 南京 210046

收稿日期:2016-04-07 出版日期:2016-12-18 发布日期:2016-12-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: shipl@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:宗宁, 男, 1987年生, 助理研究员. 主要从事高原生态系统碳氮循环研究. E-mail: zongning@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31470506,41271067)、中国科学院西部青年学者项目(2015)和青年创新团队项目(LENOM2016Q0004)资助

Responses of plant community structure and species composition to warming and N addition in an alpine meadow, northern Tibetan Plateau, China

ZONG Ning¹, CHAI Xi^1,2, SHI Pei-li^1*, JIANG Jing³, NIU Ben^1,2, ZHANG Xian-zhou¹, HE Yong-tao¹

¹Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
³Nanjing Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Hilly Region, Nanjing 210046, China

Received:2016-04-07 Online:2016-12-18 Published:2016-12-18
Contact: * E-mail: shipl@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470506, 41271067), the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015) and Youth Innovation Research Team Project (LENOM2016Q0004).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 气候变暖和氮沉降增加作为全球环境问题,将严重影响陆地生态系统的结构与功能.研究发现,近几十年来青藏高原增温显著,其中冬季升温最明显.而已有的研究更多关注全年增温,对冬季增温研究较少.本文基于高寒草甸地区增温和氮素添加影响研究的不足,在青藏高原高寒草甸区开展模拟增温和氮添加试验,研究长期增温与氮添加对高寒草甸群落结构与物种组成的影响.试验布设于2010年7月,地点在西藏当雄高寒草甸区,共有3种增温方式:对照、全年增温、冬季增温;每种增温处理下设置5个氮素添加梯度:0、10、20、40、80 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1,系统研究气候变暖与氮添加对高寒草甸生态系统群落结构与物种组成的影响.结果表明: 2012—2014年,增温与施氮处理均显著影响群落总盖度:全年增温处理降低了群落总盖度;在不施氮处理下,冬季增温降低了群落盖度,但在施氮处理下,随着氮剂量的提高群落盖度逐渐升高.增温与施氮对不同功能群植物的影响不同,增温处理降低了禾草与莎草植物盖度,而施氮提高了禾草植物盖度.相关分析表明,植被群落总盖度与生长旺盛期土壤含水量呈正相关关系,推测在降雨较少的季节增温导致的土壤含水量降低是群落盖度降低的主要原因.半干旱区高寒草甸土壤水分主要受降雨的调控,未来气候变化情景下,降雨时空格局的改变会显著影响植被群落盖度及组成,且大气氮沉降的增加对植被群落的影响也依赖于降雨条件的变化.

Abstract: Global climate warming and increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, as controversial global environmental issues, may distinctly affect the functions and processes of terrestrial ecosystems. It has been reported that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been experiencing significant warming in recent decades, especially in winter. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of warming all the year round; however, few studies have tested the effects of winter warming. To investigate the effects of winter warming and N addition on plant community structure and species composition of alpine meadow, long-term N addition and simulated warming experiment was conducted in alpine meadow from 2010 in Damxung, northern Tibet. The experiment consisted of three warming patterns: Year-round warming (YW), winter warming (WW) and control (NW), crossed respectively with five N gradients: 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1. From 2012 to 2014, both warming and N addition significantly affected the total coverage of plant community. Specifically, YW significantly decreased the total coverage of plant community. Without N addition, WW remarkably reduced the vegetation coverage. However, with N addition, the total vegetation coverage gradually increased with the increase of N level. Warming and N addition had different effects on plants from different functional groups. Warming significantly reduced the plant coverage of grasses and sedges, while N addition significantly enhanced the plant coverage of grasses. Regression analyses showed that the total coverage of plant community was positively related to soil water content in vigorous growth stages, indicating that the decrease in soil water content resulted from warming during dry seasons might be the main reason for the decline of total community coverage. As soil moisture in semi-arid alpine meadow is mainly regulated by rainfalls, our results indicated that changes in spatial and temporal patterns of rainfalls under the future climate change scenarios would dramatically influence the vegetation coverage and species composition. Additionally, the effects of increasing atmospheric N deposition on vegetation community might also depend on the change of rainfall patterns.

宗宁, 柴曦, 石培礼, 蒋婧, 牛犇, 张宪洲, 何永涛. 藏北高寒草甸群落结构与物种组成对增温与施氮的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(12): 3739-3748.

ZONG Ning, CHAI Xi, SHI Pei-li, JIANG Jing, NIU Ben, ZHANG Xian-zhou, HE Yong-tao. Responses of plant community structure and species composition to warming and N addition in an alpine meadow, northern Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(12): 3739-3748.

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藏北高寒草甸群落结构与物种组成对增温与施氮的响应

Responses of plant community structure and species composition to warming and N addition in an alpine meadow, northern Tibetan Plateau, China

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