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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 3000-3008.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201609.027

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江苏省西瓜施肥现状及高产潜力

张爽1,2, 石燕楠1, 王硕1, 董亚1, 刘乐生1, 董彩霞1, 任丽轩1,2*, 徐国华1   

  1. 1农业部长江中下游植物营养与肥料重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心/南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210008;
    2中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-21 发布日期:2016-09-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lxren@njau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张 爽,女,1992年生,博士研究生. 主要从事作物栽培与耕作学研究. E-mail: 2015101024@njau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203013)、江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20151432)和土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室项目(Y412201438)资助

Present fertilization and the potential of high yield on watermelon in Jiangsu Province, China.

ZHANG Shuang1,2, SHI Yan-nan1, WANG Shuo1, DONG Ya1, LIU Le-sheng1, DONG Cai-xia1, REN Li-xuan1,2*, XU Guo-hua1   

  1. 1Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in Middle-Low Changjiang Region/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210008, China;
    2State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2016-01-21 Published:2016-09-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: lxren@njau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (Agriculture) (201203013), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20151432), and the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Y412201438)

摘要: 为了分析高效施肥特征并提高西瓜的产量和品质,调查了江苏省西瓜主产区东台、大丰、泗洪、邳州、东海5个县市的施肥情况.结果表明: 江苏省西瓜平均产量为48325 kg·hm-2,最高产量为97500 kg·hm-2;秸秆还田14~15 t·hm-2可提高西瓜产量;有机肥施用量在30 t·hm-2以下时,西瓜产量随着有机肥施用量的提高而提高,有机肥施用量大于30 t·hm-2时西瓜产量有降低趋势.有机肥高产高效和高产低效的农户分别占总调查农户的16.5%和29.1%;氮肥总施用量高产高效和高产低效农户分别占总调查数的14.9% 和26.3%;化学氮肥施用高产高效和高产低效的农户分别占总调查数的19.6%和22.4%;磷肥总施用量高产高效和高产低效的农户分别占总调查数的20.9%和21.8%;化学磷肥施用量高产高效和高产低效农户分别占总调查数的13.7% 和29.5%;钾肥总施用量高产高效和高产低效农户分别占总调查数的14.9% 和26.3%;化学钾肥施用量高产高效农户和高产低效农户分别占总调查数的29.6%和12.2%.与单施基肥相比,基肥和追肥分施可提高西瓜产量.此外,施用叶面肥也可提高西瓜产量.建议高产低效和低产低效农户减量施肥,提高肥料施用效率;低产高效农户调整肥料施用结构和施用时期,提高肥料利用效率.

Abstract: Watermelon fertilization in main planting regions of Jiangsu Province was investigated in order to evaluate the characteristics of efficient fertilization and improve the yield and quality of watermelon. The investigation was performed in Dongtai, Dafeng, Sihong, Pizhou and Donghai. The results showed that the average yield of watermelon in Jiangsu Province was 48325 kg·hm-2, and the highest yield was 97500 kg·hm-2. The watermelon yield was improved by straw return of 14-15 t·hm-2. The watermelon yield was increased with the increase of organic manure application under the quantity of 30 t·hm-2, while it trended to decrease when the manure application exceeded 30 t·hm-2. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on organic manure were 16.5% and 29.1%, respectively. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on total nitrogen fertilizer were 14.9% and 26.3%, while those on chemical nitrogen fertilizer were 19.6% and 22.4%, respectively. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on total phosphorus fertilizer were 20.9% and 21.8%, while those on chemical phosphorus fertilizer were 13.7% and 29.5%, respectively. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on total potassium fertilizer were 14.9% and 26.3%, while those on chemical potassium fertilizer were 29.6% and 12.2%, respectively. Compared to basic application, basic and top application combination enhanced the watermelon yield, so did the foliar fertilization. It was suggested that the peasant households of inefficient high yield and inefficient low yield should decrease the fertilization quantity to improve fertilizer efficiency, while those of efficient low yield should regulate nutrient components and fertilization stage.