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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 142-150.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201701.012

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耕作方式与施氮量对小麦-玉米复种系统玉米季土壤氮素转化及产量的影响

丁世杰1, 熊淑萍1, 马新明1, 张娟娟1,3, 王小纯1,2*, 吴懿鑫1, 杜盼1, 张捷1   

  1. 1河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心/小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002
    2河南农业大学生命科学学院, 郑州 450002
    3河南农业大学信息与管理科学学院, 郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-30 修回日期:2016-10-24 发布日期:2017-01-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail:xiaochun.w@163.com
  • 作者简介:丁世杰,男,1988年生,硕士.主要从事农田氮素高效利用研究.E-mail:dingshijie1102@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31301281,301271650)、河南省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系项目(S2010-01-G04)和河南省科技攻关项目(30600914)资助

Effects of tillage and nitrogen application rate on soil nitrogen transformation and yield in a winter wheat/summer maize multiple cropping system

DING Shi-jie1, XIONG Shu-ping1, MA Xin-ming1, ZHANG Juan-juan1,3, WANG Xiao-chun1,2*,WU Yi-xin1, DU Pan1, ZHANG Jie1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
    2College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
    3College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • Received:2016-05-30 Revised:2016-10-24 Published:2017-01-18
  • Contact: *E-mail:xiaochun.w@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301281, 301271650), Henan Morden Agriculture (Wheat) Research System (S2010-01-G04), and Henan Science and Technology Project (30600914)

摘要: 在黄淮砂姜黑土区冬小麦-夏玉米复种两熟种植体系中,研究了小麦季3种耕作方式(常规翻耕、旋耕和深松)结合夏玉米播前3个施氮量(120、225和330 kg·hm-2)对玉米季主要生育时期根际土壤氮素转化微生物作用强度及酶活性、无机氮含量和产量的影响.结果表明: 旋耕方式下氨化作用强度最高,且随着施氮量的增加,土壤氮素转化微生物作用强度及酶活性增强.深松方式下根际土壤硝化、反硝化作用强度与脲酶活性明显高于常规与旋耕方式.增施氮肥可加强深松方式对土壤氮素转化的促进作用,而过量施氮虽然提高了土壤无机氮含量及玉米产量,但会对土壤氮素转化微生物作用强度及酶活性产生抑制.深松方式结合225 kg·hm-2施氮量更有利于砂姜黑土区夏玉米土壤氮素转化,而深松方式结合330 kg·hm-2施氮处理下产量最高.

Abstract: In the winter-wheat and summer-maize multiple cropping system in lime concretion black soil of Huanghuaihai Plain, the effects of three tilling methods (conventional tillage, rotary tillage, subsoiling tillage) in wheat season coupling with three nitrogen treatments (120 kg·hm-2, 225 kg·hm-2, 330 kg·hm-2) before maize sowing on the activities of microorganisms and enzymes re-lated nitrogen transformation, and inorganic nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil during the main growth stages of maize, as well as the yield were investigated. The results showed that the rotary tillage had the highest ammonification intensity, and the more nitrogen was put in, the higher were the activities of microorganisms and enzymes related to soil nitrogen transformation. The activities of nitrification, denitrification and urease of subsoiling tillage was significantly higher than those of conventional and rotary tillage. Furthermore, in subsoiling tillage treatment, increasing nitrogen fertili-zer could promote soil nitrogen transformation while excessive nitrogen input inhibited soil nitrogen transformation, though the latter had higher yield and soil inorganic nitrogen content. The treatment of subsoiling tillage coupling with 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen, was best for soil nitrogen transformation while the treatment of subsoiling tillage coupling with 330 kg·hm-2 nitrogen, had the highest corn yield.