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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 4025-4033.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201712.017

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

土地利用变化对海南土壤水源涵养功能的影响

文志1, 2, 赵赫1, 2, 刘磊3, 欧阳志云1, 郑华1, 2*, 米红旭3, 李彦旻2, 4, 5   

  1. 1中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    3海南鹦哥岭国家级自然保护区管理站, 海南白沙 572800
    4中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室/中国科学院城市环境研究所, 福建厦门 361021
    5厦门城市代谢重点实验室, 福建厦门 361021
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-22 出版日期:2017-12-18 发布日期:2017-12-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: zhenghua@rcees.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:文志,男,1987年生,博士研究生.主要从事森林生态水文过程、水土保持和生态系统服务评价研究.E-mail:wz166@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503401)资助

Effects of land use changes on soil water conservation in Hainan Island, China

WEN Zhi1,2, ZHAO He1,2, LIU Lei3, OUYANG Zhi-yun1, ZHENG Hua1,2*, MI Hong-xu3, LI Yan-min2,4,5   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3Hainan Yinggeling National Nature Reserve, Baisha 572800, Hainan, China
    4Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
    5Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
  • Received:2017-05-22 Online:2017-12-18 Published:2017-12-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhenghua@rcees.ac.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National key R&D project (2016YFC0503401)

摘要: 热带地区已有大量原始林转变为其他土地利用类型,影响了陆地生态系统的水源涵养功能.为了明确热带原始林转变为其他土地类型对土壤水源涵养功能的影响,在海南中部山区选择4种典型土地利用类型,包括林龄大于100年的原始林(VF)、10年生次生林(SF)、12年生槟榔林(AF)和35年生橡胶林(RF),评估土地利用变化对土壤持水性能和水源涵养功能指数(SWI)的影响.结果表明: 与原始林相比,表层土壤(0~10 cm)中,其他土地类型土壤持水性能指标均降低,12年槟榔林各土层指标均最低.土壤含水量和最大持水量与植被郁闭度、土壤有机质和土壤容重显著相关,表明郁闭度、土壤有机质和紧实度的改变是土壤持水性能变化的重要原因.与原始林相比,次生林、槟榔林和橡胶林土壤水源涵养功能分别减少27.7%、54.3%和11.5%,不同土层的差异各异,橡胶林仅表层土壤水源涵养功能显著降低.植被郁闭度、土壤有机质和土壤容重可解释土壤水源涵养功能变量的83.3%.土地利用转变显著改变了土壤持水性能和土壤水源涵养功能,相比12年槟榔林,35年橡胶林能更好地保持土壤水分,土地管理中增加土壤有机质和减少土壤紧实度可改善土壤持水性能及水源涵养功能.

Abstract: In tropical areas, a large number of natural forests have been transformed into other plantations, which affected the water conservation function of terrestrial ecosystems. In order to clari-fy the effects of land use changes on soil water conservation function, we selected four typical land use types in the central mountainous region of Hainan Island, i.e., natural forests with stand age greater than 100 years (VF), secondary forests with stand age of 10 years (SF), areca plantations with stand age of 12 years (AF) and rubber plantations with stand age of 35 years (RF). The effects of land use change on soil water holding capacity and water conservation (presented by soil water index, SWI) were assessed. The results showed that, compared with VF, the soil water holding capacity index of other land types decreased in the top soil layer (0-10 cm). AF had the lowest soil water holding capacity in all soil layers. Soil water content and maximum water holding capacity were significantly related to canopy density, soil organic matter and soil bulk density, which indicated that canopy density, soil organic matter and compactness were important factors influencing soil water holding capacity. Compared to VF, soil water conservation of SF, AF and RF were reduced by 27.7%, 54.3% and 11.5%, respectively. The change of soil water conservation was inconsistent in different soil layers. Vegetation canopy density, soil organic matter and soil bulk density explained 83.3% of the variance of soil water conservation. It was suggested that land use conversion had significantly altered soil water holding capacity and water conservation function. RF could keep the soil water better than AF in the research area. Increasing soil organic matter and reducing soil compaction would be helpful to improve soil water holding capacity and water conservation function in land management.