1990—2015年三江平原生态功能区水禽栖息地适宜性动态

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201712.036

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 4083-4091.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201712.036

1990—2015年三江平原生态功能区水禽栖息地适宜性动态

满卫东^{1, 2}, 刘明月^{1, 2}, 王宗明^1*, 毛德华¹, 田艳林¹, 贾明明¹, 李想^{1, 3}, 任春颖¹, 欧阳玲^{1, 2, 4}

¹中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³延边大学理学院地理系, 吉林延吉 133102
⁴赤峰学院, 内蒙古赤峰 024000

收稿日期:2017-05-19 出版日期:2017-12-18 发布日期:2017-12-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: zongmingwang@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:满卫东,男,1986年生,博士研究生.主要从事资源环境遥感研究.E-mail:weidongman@iga.ac.cn
基金资助:
本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0602301)、中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW026)、吉林省科技发展计划青年科研基金项目(20150520068JH)、中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所优秀青年基金项目(Y5H1061001)和国家自然科学基金项目(41371403,41671219,41401502)资助

Dynamics of habitat suitability for waterfowls from 1990 to 2015 in the ecological function zone of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

MAN Wei-dong^1,2, LIU Ming-yue^1,2, WANG Zong-ming^1*, MAO De-hua¹, TIAN Yan-lin¹, JIA Ming-ming¹, LI Xiang^1,3, REN Chun-ying¹

¹Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ³Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji 133102, Jilin, China
⁴Chifeng College, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2017-05-19 Online:2017-12-18 Published:2017-12-18
Contact: * E-mail: zongmingwang@iga.ac.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2016YFA0602301), the Field Station Union Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-SW-YW026), the Young Science and Research Foundation of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (20150520068JH), the Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation of Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y5H1061001), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371403, 41671219, 41401502)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为国际重要湿地,三江平原生态功能区是重要的水禽栖息地.随着人类活动干扰、土地利用和全球气候变化,栖息地适宜性逐渐引起生态学家的重视.本文以Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI和HJ-1B为遥感信息源,采用面向对象分类方法提取土地覆被空间信息;采用综合熵值法和层次分析法确定水源状况(湖泊和河流密度)、干扰条件(居民地和道路密度)、遮蔽物(土地覆被类型和坡度)和食物丰富度(NDVI)等因子的权重;根据水禽栖息地适宜性评价系统获得三江平原生态功能区1990、2000、2010和2015年水禽栖息地适宜性结果,并分析其时空分布和变化特征及驱动因素.结果表明: 近25年间,三江平原生态功能区水禽栖息地适宜性最好区域面积减少3.2%,主要由于湿地开垦和退化;适宜性最好区域空间分布特征明显,主要分布于黑龙江、挠力河、乌苏里江、穆棱河以及兴凯湖等水补给充足的沿岸区域.适宜性良好的区域主要分布在饶河县,到2010和2015年,虎林县和抚远县也变为适宜性良好区域的重要分布区,主要由于该区水田面积大幅增加.适宜性一般区域分布较零散,其面积先增加后减少.适宜性差的区域面积在1990—2000年间增加6.7%,2000—2015年间减少3.1%.土地覆被变化是水禽栖息地适宜性等级变化的最重要影响因素;人口和经济增长以及气候的变干、变暖使水禽栖息地适宜性降低;保护区的建立使水禽栖息地得到有效保护.

Abstract: As a wetland of international importance, the ecological function zone of the Sanjiang Plain (EFZSP) plays an important role in maintaining waterfowl habitat. With the increasing disturbance of human beings, land use and climate changes, habitat suitability for waterfowls (HSW) has drawn greater attention of ecologists. In this study, Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI and HJ-1B images in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 were used to obtain land cover classification by object-based image analysis, and the entropy and analytic hierarchy process methods were adopted to determine the factors and their weights, the factors selected in this study included water condition (lake and river density), disturbance factor (residence and road density), shelter condition (land cover type and slope), and food abundance (NDVI). Finally, the evaluation results of habitat suitability of year 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 were achieved based on the habitat suitability index (HSI) system, and the spatio-temporal dynamics and driving forces causing the changes were analyzed. The results showed that the excellent level of HSW mainly distributed in abundant water areas, especially along the riparian zone of the Heilongjiang River, Naoli River, Ussuri River, Muling River and Xingkai Lake. Its area decreased by 3.2% from 1990 to 2015 because of wetland reclamation. The good level of HSW concentrated in Raohe County over the past 25 years, the condition of Hulin County and Fuyuan County were improved to a good level from 2010 to 2015 due to the substantial increase of paddy field areas. The fair level of HSW distributed dispersedly, and the areas first increased from 1990 to 2000 and then decreased during 2000-2010 and 2010-2015 periods. The areas of poor le-vel increased by 6.7% from 1990 to 2000 and decreased by 3.1% from 2000 to 2015. The change of HSW level in this study area was dominated by land cover change, and both of the increasing population and economy and the drying and worming climate resulted in the decline of the HSW level, whereas the establishment of nature reserves is crucial to protect habitat for waterfowls.

满卫东, 刘明月, 王宗明, 毛德华, 田艳林, 贾明明, 李想, 任春颖, 欧阳玲. 1990—2015年三江平原生态功能区水禽栖息地适宜性动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(12): 4083-4091.

MAN Wei-dong, LIU Ming-yue, WANG Zong-ming, MAO De-hua, TIAN Yan-lin, JIA Ming-ming, LI Xiang, REN Chun-ying. Dynamics of habitat suitability for waterfowls from 1990 to 2015 in the ecological function zone of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(12): 4083-4091.

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1990—2015年三江平原生态功能区水禽栖息地适宜性动态

Dynamics of habitat suitability for waterfowls from 1990 to 2015 in the ecological function zone of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

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