华北平原种养一体规模化农场氮素流动特征及利用效率——以河北津龙循环农业园区为例

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201704.029

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1281-1288.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201704.029

华北平原种养一体规模化农场氮素流动特征及利用效率——以河北津龙循环农业园区为例

石鹏飞^1,2, 郑媛媛^1,2, 赵平³, 杨东玉^1,2, 贾亮⁴, 王贵彦^1,2*

¹河北农业大学农学院, 河北保定 071001
²河北省作物生长调控实验室, 河北保定 071001
³河北省景县气象局, 河北景县 053500
⁴河北津龙公司, 河北景县 053500

收稿日期:2016-08-23 出版日期:2017-04-18 发布日期:2017-04-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: wangguiyan71@126.com
作者简介:石鹏飞,男,1989年生,硕士研究生.主要从事循环农业和集约持续型农作制度研究.E-mail:390933472@qq.com
基金资助:
本文由国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B07-06-02)资助

Nitrogen flow characteristic and use efficiency in mixed crop-livestock system in North China Plain: Hebei Jinlong Circular Agriculture Farm as an example

SHI Peng-fei^1,2, ZHENG Yuan-yuan^1,2, ZHAO Ping³, YANG Dong-yu^1,2, JIA Liang⁴, WANG Gui-yan^1,2*

¹College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
²Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
³Jingxian Meteorology Administration, Jingxian 053500, Hebei, China
⁴Hebei Jinlong Company, Jingxian 053500, Hebei, China

Received:2016-08-23 Online:2017-04-18 Published:2017-04-18
Contact: * E-mail: wangguiyan71@126.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2012BAD14B07-06-02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 种养一体规模化、集约化是华北平原农业发展的必然趋势,而氮素是连接种植养殖的主要养分资源,以河北津龙循环农业园区为例,采用文献资料、实地调查方法分析农场水平氮素流动特征及利用率,并通过情景分析方法提出农场氮素管理措施,为实现农场水平氮养分资源高效利用、提高农场生产系统生产力和改善华北平原循环农业模式提供技术支撑和科学依据.结果表明: 在农场水平下,化肥和有机肥输入氮量674.6 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,占总输入氮量的88.3%,氮利用率为41.5%,种植系统氮盈余量190.7 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,施氮量过多是造成种植系统氮利用率低和氮素盈余量高的主要原因.养殖系统中外购饲料提供氮量占饲料总输入氮量的83.2%,粪尿排氮量为776.6 t·a^-1,而还田比例仅为36.3%,氮利用率19.7%.农场水平氮总利用率为40.7%.情景分析表明,农田减少化肥施氮量50%(情景1)、增加来自农场内部玉米籽粒产量(情景2)措施,可分别使种植系统氮利用率提高34.6%和15.6%,同时农场水平氮总利用率分别提高18.7%和9.8%;另外,优化养殖系统饲料结构(情景3),可使氮总利用率提高19.1%.因此,减少化肥氮施用量、调整作物种植结构、优化饲料结构等,是提高农场氮生产力和实现环境友好双赢效果的措施和途径.

Abstract: Scale and intensive development of mixed crop-livestock agriculture is inevitable in North China Plain (NCP), and nitrogen (N) is one of the key elements that linked the crop and livestock production. Here, we used Hebei Jinlong Circular Agriculture Farm as an example, to analyze the N flow and use efficiency, by using data from literature, on-farm survey and modeling. Further, several on-farm N management improvement practices were proposed and evaluated through scenario analysis, to supply technical support and scientific basis not only for achieving higher N use efficiency and productivity at the farm level, but also providing a new model of circular agriculture in NCP. Our results indicated that manure and purchased fertilizer were the main N input in crop production, which amounted to 674.6 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1 and accounted for 88.3% of the total N input. Of all the N input in crop production system, only 41.5% ended up in the crop products and around 190.7 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1 surplus. The excess input of synthetic fertilizer was the main reason for low N use efficiency and high N surplus for crop system. Purchased feed was the main N input pathway in livestock production system, and accounted for 83.2% of the total N input. The annual N excretion rate was 776.6 t N, and around 36.3% of the excreted N was recycled to the crop system. The N use efficiency was 19.7% for livestock production system. The N use efficiency was 40.7% at the whole farm level. The scenarios analysis showed that reducing purchased fertilizer N input by 50% (scenario 1) and increasing the total maize production via adjustment of cropping structure (scenario 2) would increase the N use efficiency in cropping system by 18.7% and 9.8%, respectively. The whole farm use efficiency could be increased by 19.1% through optimizing the feed compositions and regimes (scenario 3). Therefore, reducing purchased fertilizer N input, adjustment of cropping structure and optimizing the feed compositions could increase the N production capacity and achieve an environmental friendly mixed crop-livestock production system simultaneously in NCP.

石鹏飞, 郑媛媛, 赵平, 杨东玉, 贾亮, 王贵彦. 华北平原种养一体规模化农场氮素流动特征及利用效率——以河北津龙循环农业园区为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(4): 1281-1288.

SHI Peng-fei, ZHENG Yuan-yuan, ZHAO Ping, YANG Dong-yu, JIA Liang, WANG Gui-yan. Nitrogen flow characteristic and use efficiency in mixed crop-livestock system in North China Plain: Hebei Jinlong Circular Agriculture Farm as an example[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(4): 1281-1288.

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华北平原种养一体规模化农场氮素流动特征及利用效率——以河北津龙循环农业园区为例

Nitrogen flow characteristic and use efficiency in mixed crop-livestock system in North China Plain: Hebei Jinlong Circular Agriculture Farm as an example

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